崂山林场不同密度赤松林的生长差异研究

研究了崂山林场不同密度下赤松人工林的生长差异性以及胸径与冠幅的相关性。不同密度下赤松人工林径阶分布呈现先增后减的趋势,随着林分密度的增大,胸径生长量显著减少,径阶比例减少;赤松人工林的平均树高、枝下高以及冠幅均呈上升趋势。在不同密度的赤松林分之间,树高生长差异不显著,枝下高差异显著,胸径差异极显著。赤松人工林的冠幅随着林分密度的增加而逐渐减少,但冠幅的椭球体积与之相反;通过分析得到二次多项式方程作为赤松人工林胸径与冠幅的最优关系模型,并求出方程关系式,为林业生产提供依据。     

显微组织对近α钛合金BT-20疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

通过显微镜及电子背散射衍射试验对近α钛合金BT-20的篮网、双态和魏氏组织微观结构及晶粒尺寸进行测定,并采用拉伸与疲劳裂纹扩展试验进行力学性能以及裂纹扩展研究,讨论微观组织对裂纹扩展速率、路径和断口形貌的影响.结果表明,双态组织的强度和延伸率最好,魏氏组织最差;双态组织的断口为解理断裂,裂纹碰到大尺寸初生α晶粒时发生穿晶失效,形态呈直线状,从而具有较高的扩展速率;篮网和魏氏组织的断口形式为沿相界断裂,裂纹扩展路径在通过α晶粒集束边界时改变方向,路径呈曲线状,扩展速率相对较低,从而具有较好的耐裂纹性能.     

基于KGT模型的AZ91铸态合金晶粒尺寸预测

基于枝晶生长动力学模型(KGT模型),运用晶核自由生长理论计算了在添加细化剂条件下铸态AZ91合金组织的平均晶粒尺寸,并对该模型进行了基于实测数据(以Al-Sr-Mn-Ti-C为细化剂)的有效性分析。结果表明,模型计算值与实测值吻合良好,在细化剂粒子尺寸分布为已知的前提下,利用KGT模型预测异质形核过程中Mg-Al系合金铸态组织的平均晶粒尺寸是可行的。     

Biological responses inCaenorhabditis elegans to high magnetic fields

Here we describe a device for testing possible influences of high magnetic fields on biological processes, by which alternating-current magnetic stimuli as high as 1.7 T can be administered. Experiments with a simple multicellular organism, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, revealed that intermittent exposure to the magnetic fields modestly inhibited the animal's reproduction as well as its post-embryonic development, and caused a marked but transient derangement in its locomotory behavior. Available evidence indicates that alternating high magnetic fields can elicit both chronic and acute biological effects, but that the effects may be well tolerated or compensated for by the living organism.     

新疆鄯善产淀粉酶沙漠放线菌的生长特性研究

通过对从新疆鄯善特殊沙漠环境采集的沙样中分离纯化获得89株沙漠放线菌菌株进行分析研究,筛选出淀粉酶活力高的四株放线菌,继而进行了NaCl耐盐实验,pH耐受实验,温度耐受实验研究。生长特性研究结果表明,沙漠放线菌对NaCl浓度具有广泛的适应性,属于中等嗜盐菌,最适生长酸碱度和温度数值范围分别为7~9℃和28~48℃。XSS040804菌株的最高耐受温度为55℃。     

大黄蒽醌提取物对罗氏沼虾抗高温应激的影响

 将罗氏沼虾随机分成5组,每组3个平行,每个平行约1 000尾,第1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加 w 为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.40%大黄蒽醌提取物。饲养8周后,对虾进行连续48 h 35 ℃高温应激,测定其生长、应激前后血淋巴葡萄糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、溶菌酶、一氧化氮（NO）等的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加 w=0.10%的大黄蒽醌提取物显著提高了虾的增重率、降低了饵料系数,w=0.40%大黄蒽醌提取物显著增加了血淋巴溶菌酶含量。高温应激后,与对照组相比,添加 w 为0.1%和0.20%大黄蒽醌提取物仍保持较高血淋巴溶菌酶、一氧化氮浓度。高温应激试验表明：对照组死亡率达60%,添加 w为0.10%和0. 20%大黄蒽醌提取物小于30%。因此添加 w 为0.10%和0.20%大黄蒽醌提取物提高了机体抗应激能力,并对高温引起虾的死亡有一定的保护作用,促进了虾的生长。     

Effect of reactor pressure on the growth rate and structural properties of GaN films

The effect of reactor pressure on the growth rate, surface morphology and crystalline quality of GaN films grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is studied. The results show that as the reactor pressure increases from 2500 to 20000 Pa, the GaN surface becomes rough and the growth rate of GaN films decreases. The rough surface morphology is associated with the initial high temperature GaN islands, which are large with low density due to low adatom surface diffusion under high reactor pressure. These islands prolong the occurrence of 2D growth mode and decrease the growth rate of GaN film. Meanwhile, the large GaN islands with low density lead to the reduction of threading dislocation density during subsequent island growth and coalescence, and consequently decrease the full width at half maximum of X-ray rocking curve of the GaN film.     

Periodical oscillating interface in directional growth under shear flow

Liquid-solid interface morphological evolution of SCN-2wt%H2O alloy was investigated in the presence of shear flow. It has been found that shear flow strikingly enhances the stability of planar interface at lower pulling rates. In the intermediate range of pulling rate, the interface experiences periodical oscillating ＂planar-cellular＂ and ＂cellular-dendritic＂ growth patterns. The formation of oscillating growth modes can be explained by two reasons： （i） The stabilizing effect induced by shear flow competes with the growing destabilizing effect by the increase of pulling rate, which provides the driving force for morphological evolution; and （ii） the establishment of stable solute field at the liquid-solid interface needs a period of time, leading to the result that the interface evolution can not stay stable at the equilibrium state. However, as the puling rate becomes higher, it plays more and more important roles in pattern selection and dendritic growth forms.     

“馅饼”的做大与分割——人力资本的经济增长与收入分配效应研究综述

对经济增长效率的追求,经常被形象地称为"做大馅饼",而收入分配的公平是通过对"饼"的分割实现的.人力资本作为一种重要的生产要素,其对经济增长与收入分配的作用一直是经济学研究的焦点.许多学者从不同视角、选用不同国家与地区的数据、采用不同的研究方法对人力资本的经济增长与收入分配效应进行了多维验证与解读.     

遏制贵州居民收入分配差距不断扩大趋势的对策

改革开放以来,贵州经济发展迅速;人民生活和收入水平有了很大的提高.但随着社会转型的深入进行,在利益分化的作用下,收入差距的不断扩大已成为城乡、行业、区域、居民家庭等利益群体之间在分配领域中的突出问题;而遏制其持续扩大趋势并控制在合理的范围内已成为构建贵州和谐社会的关键问题.为此,本文分层次多角度去分析和探索收入差距扩大在上述各利益群体间的状况、形成原因和解决对策.