创业投资辛迪加网络中控制权的演化博弈分析

创业投资的高风险性和信息不对称性使创业投资中控制权分配问题逐渐成为关系到风险投资项目成败的关键。本文运用演化博弈方法,分析控制权在辛迪加网络中两类创业投资家之间分配的博弈过程,得出在不同控制权分配比例下相应的演化稳定策略。在此结果上表明即期博弈中,创业投资家的私人收益和项目产出分配值的对比关系与控制权的分配密切相关。     

The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae

The variation in ovipositor sculpture and additional features of the ovipositor apparatus in Tenthredinoidea is explored. Two outgroups and 85 species of tenthredinoids were examined, the emphasis of the taxon sampling being on Nematinae. Twenty-four morphological characters where scored and the data set was analysed under different weighting conditions. The topologies derived from analysing the character set in TNT are poorly resolved and highly unstable when analytical settings are changed. Only a few clades, the Tenthredinoidea s. str., the Diprionidae, the Cimbicidae and the Argidae + Pergidae are consistently retrieved. The functional implications of the variation in ovipositor morphology within Tenthredinidae is discussed in relation to the qualities of the host plant, e.g. the hardness and the depth of penetration in plant tissue.     

Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?

We present data on predatory behaviour in Deltochilum cupreicolle viridescens, which belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma, and we contrast it with the behaviour of a species from the subgenus Deltohyboma. By this comparison we can investigate whether the predatory behaviour in Deltochilum could have appeared independently in these two subgenera, or if the behaviour is so similar that it suggests a single origin in a possible ancestor exclusive to those two groups. These laboratory studies on the behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens individuals on diplopods are described and divided into the following stages: (1) approach and recognition of the diplopod; (2) attack and death of the prey; (3) on-site feeding; (4) transport of the diplopod. The results found here strengthen the hypothesis of a primitive and highly specialized behaviour within a possible clade formed by the predatory species of Diplopoda.     

四卡问题的新视角——社会契约理论

Cosmides所提出的社会契约理论表明,人的推理能力具有领域特殊性的和内容依赖性。这不仅挑战了传统的推理假设,更以一种超越常规的方式促进了心理学特别是认知和发展心理学的发展。     

Dynamic Niching Genetic Algorithm with Data Attraction for Automatic Clustering

A genetic clustering algorithm was developed based on dynamic niching with data attraction. The algorithm uses the concept of Coulomb attraction to model the attraction between data points. Then, the niches with data attraction are dynamically identified in each generation to automatically evolve the optimal number of clusters as well as the cluster centers of the data set without using cluster validity functions or a variance-covariance matrix. Therefore, this clustering scheme does not need to pre-specify the number of clusters as in existing methods. Several data sets with widely varying characteristics are used to demonstrate the superiority of this algorithm. Experimental results show that the performance of this clustering algorithm is high, effective, and flexible.     

Prediction of sites under adaptive evolution in flavin-containing monooxygenases: Selection pattern revisited

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase that uses the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce one atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. Recently, it was shown that some CYP isoforms have been subject to positive selection. However, it is unknown whether the highly conserved phase I detoxification enzyme, FMO, has undergone similar positive Darwinian selection. We used maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, evolutionary fingerprinting, and cross species comparison to investigate the occurrence of adaptive evolution in FMO sequences. We used recent genomic data from a range of species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. We present the evidence for the occurrence of adaptive evolution in mammalian FMO 3, 4, 5, and fugu FMOs but not in mammalian FMO 1, FMO 2, frog FMOs, other fish FMOs and invertebrate FMOs. The sites under adaptive evolution were significantly associated with the insertion domain in mammalian FMO 5. We identified specific amino acid sites in FMOs 3–5 that are likely targets for selection based on the patterns of parallel amino acid change. The most likely role of adaptive evolution is the repair of mutations that permitted optimal NADP+ binding and improved catalytic efficiency. The occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of phase I detoxification enzymes such as FMOs 3–5 and fugu FMO suggests the occurrence of both high selection pressure acting on species within their unique habitats and significant changes in intensity and direction (forms of xenobiotics and drugs) resulting from changes in microhabitat and food.     

泛函微分方程解的唯一性和渐近性

泛函微分方程的渐进理论作为泛函微分方程定性理论的一部分,在最近30年有了迅速的发展,广泛的应用背景是促使这一理论迅速发展的基础.本文结合时滞泛函微分方程的研究现状,对泛函微分方程解的唯一性和渐进性问题进行了分析.     

基于遗传算法的最小误工任务数问题求解

为了解决最小误工任务数问题（MTTP），将遗传算法引入该问题的求解中，基于惩罚函数。讨论了MTTP的遗传算法求解方法。并对genGA，ssGA，cGA三种演化式算法求解MTTP的实验运行结果进行分析比较，得出在解决大规模的MTTP时，genGA明显优于另两种演化式算法。     

Investigation on Relationship between Cost and Software Reliability

Based on the fact that the software development cost is an important factor to control the whole project, we discuss the relationship between the software development cost and software reliability according to the empirical data collected from the development process. By evolutionary modeling we get an empirical model of the relationship between cost and software reliability, and validate the estimate results with the empirical data.     

基于演化多目标算法的混合流水作业调度优化

针对供应链网络优化领域中的混合流水作业调度问题提出了一种新的多目标演化优化算法。给出了这类问题的通用优化模型，在此基础上，提出了基于流程的矩阵基因编码方案，动态适应度分配机制，并引入小生境保优策略构造了算法过程，利用收敛进程参数分析了算法的收敛性能。性能分析和算例实验表明算法对于高维多目标优化问题是有效的，且能够以较快的速度收敛。