Experimental and numerical study on plasma nitriding of AISI P20 mold steel

In this study, plasma nitriding was used to fabricate a hard protective layer on AISI P20 steel, at three process temperatures (450°C, 500°C, and 550°C) and over a range of time periods (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 h), and at a fixed gas N₂:H₂ ratio of 75vol%:25vol%. The morphology of samples was studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the formed phase of each sample was determined by X-ray diffraction. The elemental depth profile was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and glow dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness profile of the samples was identified, and the microhardness profile from the surface to the sample center was recorded. The results show that ε-nitride is the dominant species after carrying out plasma nitriding in all strategies and that the plasma nitriding process improves the hardness up to more than three times. It is found that as the time and temperature of the process increase, the hardness and hardness depth of the diffusion zone considerably increase. Furthermore, artificial neural networks were used to predict the effects of operational parameters on the mechanical properties of plastic mold steel. The plasma temperature, running time of imposition, and target distance to the sample surface were all used as network inputs; Vickers hardness measurements were given as the output of the model. The model accurately reproduced the experimental outcomes under different operational conditions; therefore, it can be used in the effective simulation of the plasma nitriding process in AISI P20 steel.     

机床颤振的一种新的控制方法

首先评述了目前对机床颤振的各种控制方法,然后提出在线变刀具前、后角抑制颤振的方法,并讨论了这种新方法的抑振原理。试验表明,该方法效果明显。所研制的控制装置结构简单,不需对机床作任何改装,故有可能成为普通车床及数控车床上具有抑制颤振能力的一个功能部件。     

基于应变模态的数控机床滚动轴承可靠性检测方法

为了解决传统方法对物理参数的改变不敏感,只能对整个滚动轴承可靠性进行检测,无法针对不同测点获取可靠性检测结果,检测准确性低的弊端,通过应变模态研究数控机床滚动轴承可靠性检测问题。对各点的应变响应进行测量,得到应变振型。数控机床滚动轴承出现损伤后,应变模态一定会出现变化,同时损伤程度越大,这种变化越显著,滚动轴承可靠性越低。在对滚动轴承损伤进行识别的过程中,将应变模态差向量中元素最大绝对值作为依据,获取可靠性很低的位置。将应变模态改变率作为检测数控机床滚动轴承可靠性的敏感指标,对数控机床滚动轴承进行可靠性检测,对滚动轴承损伤前后前三阶应变模态进行提取,获取应变模态改变率,绘制曲线图,将突变部分当成损伤部分,完成对滚动轴承的可靠性检测。实验结果表明:所提方法可有效检测滚动轴承某一位置的可靠性;对数控机床滚动轴承可靠性检测结果最准确。可见所提方法能够获取不同测点的检测结果,检测准确性高。     

我国现代旅游业发展的回顾与思考

总结、分析了改革开放以来我国现代旅游业发生的9大变化,并提出了进一步发展我国旅游业应汲取的12条经验。     

随钻双感应测井仪器刻度响应研究

介绍一种随钻双感应测井仪器,利用三维有限元方法模拟实际仪器结构对仪器响应的影响,针对该仪器设计刻度环和刻度水箱,并探讨最优刻度环参数和水箱刻度校正系数。结果表明:钻铤和反射层是导致仪器响应非线性变化的主要因素,磁环主要导致仪器响应幅值增大。通过刻度环或水箱刻度,仪器响应和真实地层电导率具有较宽的线性响应范围。模拟结果可为随钻双感应测井仪器设计和刻度提供理论参考。     

中国区域经济发展的战略选择

以中国改革开放的前沿——东部地区为入口,按照国家实施东部沿海开发、西部大开发、东北振兴、中部崛起的政策,先后阐述了东部地区、西部地区、东北地区及中部地区的经济发展现状和存在的问题,并在此基础之上提出了区域发展的战略选择。     

3-PRS serial-parallel machine tool error calibration and parameter identification

3-PRS serial-parallel machine tool consists of a 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) implementation platform and a 2-DOF X-Y platform. The error modeling and parameter identification methods were deduced based on 3-PRS serial-parallel machine tool. 3-PRS serial-parallel machine tool was researched, and the mechanism of error analysis, modeling, identification of error parameters and measurement equipment for the use of agency error of measurement were conducted. In order to achieve the geometric parameters calibration and error compensation of the serial-parallel machine tool, the nominal structural parameters of the controller was adjusted by identifying the structure of the machine tool. With the establishment of a vector space size chain, we can do the error analysis, error modeling, error measurement and error compensation can be done.     

具位移时滞反馈机床颤振系统的 稳定性和分支分析

研究了具位移时滞反馈机床颤振系统模型.从对系统线性化方程的特征方程根的分布分析入手,讨论了系统平衡点的稳定性,确定了系统的线性稳定性区域,发现当系统中的时滞经过一系列临界值时,系统经历了Hopf分支.然后,利用中心流形理论和规范型方法分析了分支周期解的稳定性和Hopf分支的分支方向.最后,数值模拟验证了理论结果.     

取心工具用大尺寸疏水吸油海绵的制备与吸油性能研究

海绵取心工具(取心衬筒)中一种关键材料是高吸油海绵,为了满足钻井取心的使用需求,需要制备大尺寸、超疏水的吸油海绵。利用多巴胺(DA)氧化自聚(以NaIO₄为氧化剂)以及聚多巴胺(PDA)与疏水剂(十八胺,ODA)的反应,采用一步和两步浸涂法对小尺寸(30 mm×30 mm×10 mm)和大尺寸(910 mm×400 mm×10 mm)商用三聚氰胺海绵进行疏水改性;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察改性海绵的表面形貌,并测定其水接触角和吸油性能。结果表明：改性海绵表面形成了PDA粒子,两步法所得改性海绵的表面粒子细密、均匀;增大DA的质量浓度和提高氧化剂含量,海绵表面PDA粒子增多。确定了海绵改性的最优条件：DA质量浓度为4～6 mg/mL,DA与NaIO₄的质量比为1∶1,海绵在ODA溶液中的浸泡时间为2～4 h。在小尺寸样品研究结果的基础上,将大尺寸海绵在DA溶液中浸泡1 min,在空气中放置2 h,然后与ODA溶液反应4 h进行改性,所得大尺寸改性海绵的表面水接触角为152.6°,10 s时吸油量达90 g/g,并且多次吸油、析油后仍保持较...     

数控加工复合循环功能与子程序编程的特点及其应用

零件的数控加工,为了简化数控加工程序,既可以利用复合循环功能编程,又可以应用子程序技术编程.通过对复合循环功能编程与子程序编程的比较得知,应用子程序编程利大于弊,有利于保证零件的加工质量,提高加工效率,降低生产成本.