基于断裂点理论的中心城市空间影响范围变化研究

我国城市经济区主要分为东北、华北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西北,其各大区级中心城市分别为沈阳、北京、上海、武汉、广州、重庆、西安。本文结合各个城市1993年、2005年的数据,依据空间相互作用理论,采用断裂点方法,根据七个中心城市的综合实力,确定了各自的吸引范围,并阐述和分析了七个城市空间影响范围的动态变化。     

浅谈移动信号的室内覆盖问题

在室内进行通信过程中,出现的容易掉话、语音质量差、乒乓效应等问题,都与移动信号的室内覆盖有关。解决这方面问题不仅能大大减少室内信号盲区现象而且能提高话音质量和网络质量,提高信号接通率,提高通信网络性能,扩大覆盖,减少通信断线。     

非饱和带冻结期土壤温度变化试验研究

设计了气温数字控制系统和非饱和带温度场自动监测系统,编制了相应的信息监测与处理软件,研究了非饱和带冻结期土壤温度变化特征。模拟实验结果表明,非饱和带土壤冻结过程中同样的气温降幅条件下,空气温度的变幅(3℃)远大于土壤表面温度的变幅(1℃),砂土要比亚黏土地表温度降幅大;冻结期土壤温度变化具有一定的时间滞后效应,其时间滞后效应随着土壤深度的增加而增大;不同类型土壤,其温度差别主要在土壤表层。     

浙江秀山岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落组成及其生物多样性

2008年6-10月对浙江秀山岛潮间带大型底栖动物进行了调查,共采集到大型底栖动物51种,隶属于4门、7纲、33科、41属。其中,软体动物19种,占37.26%;甲壳动物28种,占54.90%;多毛类3种,占5.88%;其他无脊椎动物只有海葵1种,占1.96%。潮间带大型底栖动物的生物量大小比较:九子沙滩(47.99g/m2)滑泥公园(32.23g/m2)海岙码头(7.78g/m2)兰山码头(5.34g/m2),而物种多样性(H')大小依次为滑泥公园(2.98)、九子沙滩(2.78)、海岙码头(1.55)、兰山码头(1.34)。研究认为秀山岛潮间带湿地越来越多用于旅游开发和临港工业建设可能是大型底栖动物物种多样性较低的主要原因,且临港工业建设对潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构的影响比用于旅游开发所产生的影响大,特别是物种数减少较明显。     

基于遗传算法的类零相关多相码设计

距离高分辨多输入多输出（multiple input multiple output,MIMO）雷达体制下,目标回波可能跨越多个距离单元,因此要求发射信号在主瓣附近具有较低的自相关旁瓣和互相关。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的类零相关多相码设计方法。该方法选择具有零相关特性的零相关码集为初始群体,然后针对零相关码的特性,对遗传算法的交叉和变异操作进行了优化设计。通过把相关信号能量向远离主瓣的区域挤压,获得的多相码在主瓣附近具有较低的自相关旁瓣和互相关。最后,计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

微合金钢中氧化物夹杂对焊接热影响区组织、性能的影响

研究了一种微合金钢中夹杂物与模拟焊接热影响区微观组织以及低温冲击韧性的关系.结果发现:实验钢夹杂物以类球状Ti2O3-Al2O3-MnS型复合夹杂为主,分布较为均匀且尺寸小于3μm;在相变冷却时间较短(T8/5=40s)时,试样微观组织以针状铁素体和沿晶铁素体为主,板条贝氏体束较少,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在50μm左右,低温冲击性能优良;随着相变冷却时间的延长(T8/5=60,80s),原奥氏体晶粒尺寸也随之增大,相变温度的提高和相变区域的变宽使得位于原奥氏体晶界附近的夹杂物对晶界处多边形铁素体的诱导促进作用更加明显,沿晶铁素体长大剧烈,一定程度上消耗了晶内针状铁素体对组织的分割细化作用,使得低温冲击韧性有所降低.     

Structural deformation and fault activity of the Tan-Lu Fault zone in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene

The Tan-Lu Fault zone (TLFZ) is a significant fractural zone in eastern China and also a seismicity belt in North China. Based on total 4000-km-long shallow penetrated single seismic data with high-resolution, structural deformation and fault activity of the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene are discussed in detail. The results show that the TLFZ with a discontinuous distribution and a general NNE-trending consists of 14 active subfaults with an NNE or NE strike in the Bohai Sea. Seismic data reveal that de-formation zones along the subfaults in the central Bohai Sea and the Laizhou Bay are wider and more complex than those in the Liaodong Gulf. Related folds and lots of secondary normal faults which are characterized by nearly vertical fault planes and a same or reverse dip construct the fractural zone in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. Usually, micro symmetrical grabens develop on the top of anticlines. In the Liaodong Gulf, subfault fractural zones usually consist of secondary normal faults with the same inclination or opposite inclination. Ages of seismic sequences and cutting relation between subfaults and seismic sequences suggest that the latest faulting age of the TLFZ is the end of the late Pleistocene in the Liaodong Gulf and the early Holocene in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. There is a good match between distribution of earthquakes and that of the subfaults in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai. Statistical result shows that total vertical offset of the TLFZ since the late Pleistocene ranges from 6 to 11 m. On the basis of offsets of the subfaults, the vertical slip rate is calculated and results show that average vertical slip rates in the central Bohai Sea are larger than those in the Liaodong Gulf and the Laizhou Bay. Slip rates more than 0.06 mm/a during 23–10 ka B.P. and 85–65 ka B.P. are larger than those in other stages. The TLFZ was mainly dominated by tensional normal component since the late Pleistocene. Synthesizing shallow deformation, activity and distribution of earthquakes, the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea can be divided into three segments: the Laizhou-Bay segment, the Bozhong segment, and the Liaodong-Gulf segment.     

Effects of size variation and spatial structure on plastic response of plant height to light competition

Plants only interact with neighbors over restricted distances,so local conditions are of great significance for plants.In this study,a spatially-explicit,individual-based model was constructed to explore the effects of size variation and spatial structure on adaptive plasticity of plant height in response to light competition.In the model a plant maintains its height at an optimal value in order to maximize its growth rate,and this optimal height increases with the increase of the intensity of light competi...     

断层封闭性研究现状与展望

断层封闭性研究对油气勘探开发意义重大。在调研国内外大量文献的基础上,系统分析了断裂带内部结构及物性变化、断层封闭机理及影响因素、断层封闭的差异性及有限性。探讨了目前国内外断层封闭性研究在定性和定量两方面的进展及存在的不足,并提出了看法,指出了断层封闭性研究的发展方向。认为应当加强不同方向断层封闭机理理论研究;采用物理模拟与数值模拟的手段,不断发展断层封闭性定量评价的地质模型与数学模型;深入刻画断裂带内部结构,完善断层相概念及模式,综合地质、钻井、测井、油藏工程等多学科、多方法对断层封闭性进行评价。     

316L不锈钢焊缝腐蚀行为的电化学研究

 316L不锈钢以其优良的耐腐蚀性能、加工性能和高抗氧化性能而被广泛应用于核电、石油、化工等领域.316L不锈钢的应用大多需要焊接成型,但焊接过程中化学成分,组织形态和相关性能的改变,使316L不锈钢的耐蚀性能降低,在焊缝接头处以及焊缝部位优先发生腐蚀,严重影响了不锈钢的使用寿命和安全性.本文采用交流阻抗法和阳极极化常规电化学方法,结合课题组自主研发的扫描微电极技术研究316L不锈钢焊缝区的腐蚀行为,探讨钨极氩弧焊和CO₂保护焊两种不同焊接方法对316L不锈钢抗腐蚀能力的影响以及氯离子浓度对焊接样品抗腐蚀能力的影响.结果表明,经过腐蚀电化学方法检测后,焊接样品的耐腐蚀性能较基材样品均发生明显降低,具体表现为氩弧焊焊接样品和CO₂保护焊焊接样品在阳极极化曲线的开裂电位E_b,腐蚀电位E_corr均较基材样品负,钝化区ΔE较基材样品变窄.交流阻抗谱测试得出氩弧焊焊接样品与CO₂保护焊焊接样品的电荷转移电阻R_ct均较基材样品小.同时,通过不同实验分析均表明,在NaCl溶液和FeCl₃溶液中,氩弧焊焊接样品的耐蚀性能较CO₂保护焊焊接样品好.实验结果还表明,随着氯离子浓度的升高,两种焊接样品的耐蚀性能均降低.