竞争情况下零售商的产品组合决策研究

本文研究了市场竞争情况下两个零售商横向差异产品组合决策,基于multinominal logit(MNL)模型刻画消费者选择行为并建立基本模型,得到市场相互独立时的最优产品组合.将市场竞争情况下的产品组合决策细分为四种情形并研究了零售商进入市场顺序的影响,对比了市场相互独立与竞争情况下的结果.结果表明:市场竞争时的产品多样化程度不低于市场相互独立的情况;部分产品存在两个零售商的利润空间是零售商选择重复产品必要条件;市场相互独立时的最优解外的产品有利可图是产品多样化程度高于市场相互独立情况的必要条件;零售商进入市场存在先后顺序时,信息不对称不影响均衡结果.     

企业商业信用对研发投入的影响——基于企业生命周期视角的实证分析

以2014—2017年的上市公司为样本,探讨了商业信用对企业研发投入的影响,以及在企业不同生命周期的反应。实证研究发现对于企业商业信用的获取与研发投入之间呈倒U型的关系,并且不同生命周期阶段的企业对其产生不同的反应。商业信用融资与成长期企业研发投入呈较强的倒U型关系,与成熟期企业呈正相关关系,与衰退期企业研发投入并没有显著关系。     

竞争环境下ODM厂商自有品牌的市场进入策略分析

在经济全球化背景下,越来越多的原始设备制造商(original equipment manufacturer, OEM)开始考虑创建自有品牌以实现向原始设计制造商(original design manufacturer, ODM)部分角色的转变.显然,ODM是否创建自有品牌进入市场会对相关企业及供应链产生重要影响.本文针对ODM与OEM构成的二级供应链系统,在不同博弈理论框架下分析了ODM自有品牌的市场进入策略及对OEM和供应链系统的影响.研究表明ODM的市场进入能有效缓解供应链的双重边际效应,但该效应会随着OEM渠道成本优势的扩大而减弱.而当OEM的渠道成本足够低时,ODM的市场进入可能对OEM也是有利的,此时ODM与OEM可实现"双赢".最后,将模型拓展至Nash讨价还价和Bertrand价格竞争情形,分析并验证了结论的鲁棒性.     

Two Tales of Return Predictability: The Case of Asia–Pacific Equity Markets

If past prices can successfully predict future price movements, it would contradict the notion of weak‐form market efficiency. Return predictability can be assessed via a variety of random walk statistical tests or via the application of mechanical trading rules. Findings of return predictability and state of market efficiency are compared by applying a battery of popular random walk statistical tests and a large set of mechanical trading rules to a family of equity indexes in Asia–Pacific equity markets over a 20‐year period of time. Inferences drawn from different random walk based econometric tests of market efficiency often disagree among themselves and tend to exaggerate the extent of predictability in returns. Testing of return predictability via a set of mechanical trading rules allows one to account for a possible data snooping bias, error measurements due to nonsynchronous trading and market frictions such as trading costs. Persistent predictability of returns that cannot be explained by the combination of data snooping bias, nonsynchronicity bias and moderate level of transaction costs is found in just two emerging equity markets in the region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高职院校实施学分制及弹性学制的实践探索

高职院校实行学分制是适应经济建设、社会进步和个人发展的重要举措。如何针对高职院校学分制实施中存在的问题，并采取有效的措施，是保证学分制全面实施、提高办学质量的关键所在。基于高职课程实施学分制的弹性学制可行性分析，探索课程质量与分类、课程选修、学分互换、课程考核、学籍管理等方面教学模式的创新与构建。     

浅论西部高校贫困生比例偏高的成因及对策

受西部整体经济落后等因素的影响,西部高校贫困生比例持续偏高等问题引起了社会的广泛关注。同时由于政府的资助机制还不健全,使得部分扶贫资金没有落到实处,严重阻碍了高校扶贫工作的开展。基于此种现状,本文认为将西部高校贫困生进行分类,从高校改革和提高贫困学生自身素质两方面入手解决具有重要意义。     

Optimal policy with a total order quantity commitment contract in the presence of a spot market

In this paper,the optimal policy is considered when the buyer faces two supply sources:one is the contract supplier from which the buyer orders over a specific contract period(say,a year) at a pre-agreed price,and the other is the spot market.However,when ordering from the contract supplier,the buyer must fulfill a pre-determined total order quantity,or the so-called definite total order quantity commitment,over the whole contract period.In other words,the commitment secures the buyer a fixed price but obliges him/her a total order quantity over the contract period.Although the spot market gives the buyer more flexibility in terms of order quantities,its prices are volatile.Such a combination of contract and spot procurements is often observed in practice.Within the contract period,there are multiple sub-periods,during each of which the buyer reviews the inventory,issues an individual order,and uses the on-hand inventory to meet the random demand.Thus,in each(ordering) period,the buyer will weigh between the current known spot price(by procuring from the spot market) and a lower future price(by waiting while consuming the remaining commitment).An optimal dual ordering policy is characterized for each period,depending on the on-hand inventory level,the spot price,and the remaining commitment quantity.The optimal policy in each period is also shown to be independent of the contract price.Through a numerical study,the inventory cost is demonstrated to be(1) insensitive to the contract price when the total commitment quantity is lower than the total expected demand over the contract period and(2) non-increasing in the variability of spot prices.     

欠发达市场增值幻觉导致的羊群效应

介绍了基于羊群效应的经典理论及模型,并通过引入欠发达市场中经济快速增长造成的资产增值幻觉,从投资者不完全理性的角度,解释了羊群效应多发的原因,以说明欠发达市场与发达市场的不同之处。     

洛阳地区民间美术市场的发展历史与现状

在市场经济背景下,城市以及农村社会的经济、文化、风俗均发生了较大的变化。这种情况下,一部分民间美术转向了规模化产业化的发展道路,一部分则在市场化的浪潮中日趋衰落,面临继承和发展的困境。洛阳仿古唐三彩、青铜器、面塑等案例都反映了市场化后洛阳民间美术市场发展的历史及现实问题,根据这种历史与现状提出了有关的建议。     

通货膨胀与股票收益:需求冲击与供给冲击效应分解

将影响宏观经济波动的冲击分解为两类:供给冲击和需求冲击,并考察它们对通货膨胀和股票收益关系的影响.一个简化的理论模型表明,供给冲击导致通货膨胀与股票收益负相关,而需求冲击则导致通货膨胀与股票收益正相关;供给冲击下通货膨胀和价格水平都是逆经济周期的,而需求冲击下通货膨胀和价格水平则是顺经济周期的.以上结果也得到中国经验数据的支持.中国的经验还表明,短期股票收益动态更大程度上由供给冲击决定,而短期通货膨胀动态则主要由需求冲击决定.在总体或长期上,实际股票收益和通货膨胀呈现负相关关系,归因于两类冲击中供给冲击的效应占相对主导地位.