论图书馆服务补救的有效开展

论述了服务补救的基本内容，认为图书馆应该从多方面有效开展图书馆服务补救，主要包括强化服务补救意识、制定服务标准、开辟投诉渠道、构建服务补救系统及加强图书馆的人员管理等。     

土的破坏准则——考虑中主应力的影响

本文就土的破坏准则及其试验研究工作做了一般性讨论.作者根据土的破坏决定于形变能的概念提出了一个破坏准则.在轴对称情况下,它与摩尔—库伦准则是一致的,对于σ_1>σ_2>σ_3的应力状态,强度指标较摩尔—库伦为大,当σ_2=1/2(σ_1+σ_3)时有最大值,sinφ将增大15.5%.     

单侧输尿管结扎的肾脏形态学特征及其机制的实验研究

目的：为尿路梗阻所引起的肾脏病理变化提供形态学方面的依据．方法：采用结扎家兔一侧输尿管造成家兔实验性尿路梗阻的方法．结果：能引起结扎侧肾脏肾积水，肾实质缺血，肾小球破溃出血，肾小管变性坏死，肾脏进行性萎缩．结论：认为肾脏缺血及肾小球破溃出血是肾实质萎缩的重要原因．     

钢筋砼构件抗裂失效不定性及其可靠度模糊概率分析

本文利用概率论和模糊数学．分析影响结构构件抗裂失效的不定性因素．将构件抗裂失效认为是一复杂模糊随机事件．并提出了相应的可靠度模糊概率分析模型．最后本文结合算例介绍了用此模型计算抗裂失效概率Ｐ或可靠指标β的具体方法和步骤，其结果满足工程设计要求．     

高水头大流量作用下反拱水垫塘弹性单底板块振动规律研究

对反拱水垫塘单底板块振动特性进行了理论分析,提出了在止水破坏、锚固力失效后,拱圈单底板块失稳分为自由振动、锁定、滑动变形及失稳破坏4个过程。对高水头、大流量作用下,反拱圈弹性单底板块的振动特性进行了试验研究,给出底板块沿流程各振动区域的划分界限,得到拱圈单底板块振动特征值沿流程分布规律及时域和频域特性,为反拱水垫塘失稳机理的研究提供了科学依据。     

Rough sets bankruptcy prediction models versus auditor signalling rates

Both international and US auditing standards require auditors to evaluate the risk of bankruptcy when planning an audit and to modify their audit report if the bankruptcy risk remains high at the conclusion of the audit. Bankruptcy prediction is a problematic issue for auditors as the development of a cause–effect relationship between attributes that may cause or be related to bankruptcy and the actual occurrence of bankruptcy is difficult. Recent research indicates that auditors only signal bankruptcy in about 50% of the cases where companies subsequently declare bankruptcy. Rough sets theory is a new approach for dealing with the problem of apparent indiscernibility between objects in a set that has had a reported bankruptcy prediction accuracy ranging from 76% to 88% in two recent studies. These accuracy levels appear to be superior to auditor signalling rates, however, the two prior rough sets studies made no direct comparisons to auditor signalling rates and either employed small sample sizes or non‐current data. This study advances research in this area by comparing rough set prediction capability with actual auditor signalling rates for a large sample of United States companies from the 1991 to 1997 time period. Prior bankruptcy prediction research was carefully reviewed to identify 11 possible predictive factors which had both significant theoretical support and were present in multiple studies. These factors were expressed as variables and data for 11 variables was then obtained for 146 bankrupt United States public companies during the years 1991–1997. This sample was then matched in terms of size and industry to 145 non‐bankrupt companies from the same time period. The overall sample of 291 companies was divided into development and validation subsamples. Rough sets theory was then used to develop two different bankruptcy prediction models, each containing four variables from the 11 possible predictive variables. The rough sets theory based models achieved 61% and 68% classification accuracy on the validation sample using a progressive classification procedure involving three classification strategies. By comparison, auditors directly signalled going concern problems via opinion modifications for only 54% of the bankrupt companies. However, the auditor signalling rate for bankrupt companies increased to 66% when other opinion modifications related to going concern issues were included. In contrast with prior rough sets theory research which suggested that rough sets theory offered significant bankruptcy predictive improvements for auditors, the rough sets models developed in this research did not provide any significant comparative advantage with regard to prediction accuracy over the actual auditors' methodologies. The current research results should be fairly robust since this rough sets theory based research employed (1) a comparison of the rough sets model results to actual auditor decisions for the same companies, (2) recent data, (3) a relatively large sample size, (4) real world bankruptcy/non‐bankruptcy frequencies to develop the variable classifications, and (5) a wide range of industries and company sizes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于失效数据和统计推断优先的任务可靠性评估方法

论述了复杂武器系统任务可靠性计算的一般要求和计算任务可靠度及MTBCF的基本计算方法。通过具体示例,说明了复杂系统的寿命分布是指数型的说法并不总是正确的,应通过数据检验来确定其分布,否则,计算结果有很大误差。     

庆大霉素致老年人急性肾衰两例报告

庆大霉素对肾脏的毒性作用已引起临床医师的重视,作者碰到两例老年患者用药剂量不大且时间短却导致严重后果,现报告如下: 临床资料 例一:蔡×,女性,75岁,1988年9月1日突然昏迷急诊入院,患者入院前4天因吃不新鲜食物而发生急性腹泻并呕吐、在家中静滴庆大霉素每天16万单位,共3天,第4天清早发现昏迷不醒而急诊入院,入院时神志不清,呼吸28次深而大,小便蛋白廾,颗粒管型     

Multiscale coupling:challenges and opportunities

Multiscale coupling is ubiquitous in nature and attracts broad interests of scientists from mathematicians, physicists, machinists, chemists to biologists. However, much less attention has been paid to its intrinsic implication. In this paper, multiscale coupling is introduced by studying two typical examples in classic mechanics: fluid turbulence and solid failure. The nature of multiscale coupling in the two examples lies in their physical diversities and strong coupling over wide-range scales. The theories of dynamical system and statistical mechanics provide fundamental methods for the multiscale coupling problems. The diverse multiscale couplings call for unified approaches and might expedite new concepts, theories and disciplines.     

一种新型的单部件可修系统

考虑一种新型的可靠性系统，即修理工带有多重休假规则的单部件可修系统，系统发生故障时可能因修理工的休假而得不到立即修理，因此系统可处于工作、等待修理和修理三种状态。在适当的假设条件下，讨论了系统的瞬时可用度和稳态可用度，以及(0,t]时间中系统的平均故障次数和稳态故障频度，得到一些重要的可靠性结果。