Knowledge-based bridge detection from SAR images

Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images. Differed from the classical CFAR method, a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed. The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects. According to bridges’ special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images, the new knowledge-based method includes three processes: river segmentation, potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination. The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers’ shape. Moreover, this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.     

Robust fault detection and diagnosis for uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper considers robust fault detection and diagnosis for input uncertain nonlinear systems. It proposes a multi-objective fault detection criterion so that the fault residual is sensitive to the fault but insensitive to the uncertainty as much as possible. Then the paper solves the proposed criterion by maximizing the smallest singular value of the transformation from faults to fault detection residuals while minimizing the largest singular value of the transformation from input uncertainty to the fault detection residuals. This method is applied to an aircraft which has a fault in the left elevator or rudder. The simulation results show the proposed method can detect the control surface failures rapidly and efficiently.     

Online blind source separation based on joint diagonalization

A now algorithm is proposed for joint diagonalization. With a modified objective function, the now algorithm not only excludes trivial and unbalanced solutions successfully, but is also easily optimized. In addition, with the new objective function, the proposed algorithm can work well in online blind source separation (BSS) for the first time, although this family of algorithms is always thought to be valid only in batch-mode BSS by far. Simulations show that it is a very competitive joint diagonalization algorithm.     

基于Contourlet变换的抵抗几何攻击的视频水印算法

如何有效地抵抗几何形变攻击已成为数字水印技术的研究重点之一.提出了一种基于Contourlet变换的能够有效抵抗几何形变攻击的视频水印方案.在水印嵌入方案中,运用平均交流能量(AAE),并使用Contourlet变换的空-频特性嵌入水印.在水印提取方案中,运用了最佳白化滤波器,有效提高了相关检测的性能.大量的实验结果表明,该水印方案在保证视频视觉质量的同时具有很强的抵抗几何形变攻击的能力,对于时间维上的低通滤波、去帧等其他攻击也具有很强的鲁棒性.     

独立分量分析的一种剖析方法及其搜索算法

给出了独立分量分析(ICA)问题可解性的一种直观解释,并设计了直接的搜索算法.首先通过分析二维ICA问题,将输出信号分量的峰度作为ICA最优化问题的目标函数,分析了目标函数的波形随源信号之间耦合程度不同而变化的规律,以直观的图示解释了最大化输出信号非高斯性的ICA准则,且具有严格的数学意义.通过4点比较,将目标函数定位于某确定子区间,在读子区间上,目标函数是单峰函数,峰值点为全局极大值点,且为ICA问题的解.用快速搜索法进行了ICA求解,并将算法推广到多维ICA问题的求解.对算法进行了双通道图像分离、多通道语音分离的数值实验.     

海杂波的非广延分布模型

传统上常使用统计模型为海杂波建模,发现虽然统计模型可以很好地拟合实际海杂波的幅度分布,但是由于它不能很好反映出海杂波的物理特性,因此获得的分布参数不能用来检测弱小目标.针对上述缺点,采用Tsallis分布模型对海杂波数据进行建模,发现Tsallis分布不仅能够很好地拟合实际海杂波数据,而且获得的分布参教可以有效检测海杂波背景下的弱小目标.最后通过对Tsallis分布中的非广延参数q进行分析,发现海杂波具有介于随机模型与混沌模型之间的幂率敏感性.     

变换域通信系统的分形门限研究

变换域通信系统中,存在无法准确辨识的各种复杂干扰和难以找到对各种干扰均适用的阈值问题.基于分形理论的谱峰检测思想,提出分形门限概念,采用以盒维数为判据的谱峰检测算法,对干扰频谱的起点、终点进行判断,据此对干扰进行剔除,从而达到降低误码率的目的.仿真实验表明:该算法能显著降低变换域通信系统的误码率,特别对TDCS抗70%部分带宽干扰,改善尤为明显,达1dB以上;而对于TDCS抗线性调频干扰条件下,在大干信比时,对误码率的减小最为明显,约为1.7dB.该算法简单可靠,对提高变换域通信系统的抗干扰能力具有实用价值.     

一种新的修正步长盲均衡算法

针对MCMA算法收敛速度与稳态误差相矛盾的问题,通过构造新的误差函数,并建立误差函数与步长因子之间的非线性函数关系,在MCMA算法基础上,提出了一种新的修正步长盲均衡算法(MS-MCMA).该算法在增加收敛速度的同时,稳态误差性能也得到了改善.仿真结果表明,新算法的收敛速度相比较于ME-MCMA和DMSign-CMA提高了一倍以上;当SNR=30dB时,新算法稳态误差性能大约有5dB改善,而当SNR=15dB时,其稳态误差性能也有0.5dB改善.     

基于级联卷积神经网络的港口多方向舰船检测与分类

港口舰船目标自动检测的定位和类型分类是一个重要而具有挑战性的问题。针对高分辨率光学遥感影像中多方向性排列密集的近岸舰船目标定位和识别困难的问题,提出基于级联区域卷积神经网络和手工提取特征相结合的近岸舰船检测识别框架。首先,使用级联的区域卷积神经网络对舰船位置进行粗定位并对类别进行估计,得到一系列粗定位的垂直预测框。然后,设计一个可以准确定位舰船的斜框旋转回归器,其将第一阶段所得粗定位垂直矩形框转变为带方向的斜矩形框。最后,使用非极大值抑制的方法去除冗余的预测框。实验采用谷歌地球上采集的数据集进行训练和预测,实验结果表明所提算法在精准率和召回率上均具有较大优势。     

Underdetermined DOA estimation and blind separation of non-disjoint sources in time-frequency domain based on sparse representation method

This paper deals with the blind separation of nonstation-ary sources and direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation in the under-determined case, when there are more sources than sensors. We assume the sources to be time-frequency （TF） disjoint to a certain extent. In particular, the number of sources presented at any TF neighborhood is strictly less than that of sensors. We can identify the real number of active sources and achieve separation in any TF neighborhood by the sparse representation method. Compared with the subspace-based algorithm under the same sparseness assumption, which suffers from the extra noise effect since it can-not estimate the true number of active sources, the proposed algorithm can estimate the number of active sources and their cor-responding TF values in any TF neighborhood simultaneously. An-other contribution of this paper is a new estimation procedure for the DOA of sources in the underdetermined case, which combines the TF sparseness of sources and the clustering technique. Sim-ulation results demonstrate the validity and high performance of the proposed algorithm in both blind source separation （BSS） and DOA estimation.