一种单晶高温合金中g?相的析出行为

研究了固溶冷却速度和时效时间对一种镍基单晶高温合金中γ′相的析出的影响。合金经1 250℃固溶处理4 h,从炉中快速取出,分别进行空冷、油冷和水冷,以考察冷却速度对γ′相析出的影响。随后对固溶处理后试样进行时效处理,以考察时效时间和固溶冷却速度对γ′相长大的影响。结果表明,合金在固溶处理后,γ′相尺寸随固溶冷却速率的升高而下降。在时效处理时,γ′相尺寸的增大率随固溶冷却速度的增大而减小;随着时效时间的增加,γ′相的尺寸增加。     

老龄化背景下居民资产配置研究

本文基于生命周期投资理论,根据历史数据进行参数校准,分析引入了生存概率背景风险后的居民最优风险资产配置情况,建立最优消费效用投资组合模型,并使用Carroll提出的数值解法进行模型求解。模型得出了在不同财富水平下、不同劳动收入增长率以及遗赠影响下居民随着年龄增长其最优风险资产配置比例情况。     

Rapid reversion of aging phenotypes by nicotinamide through possible modulation of histone acetylation

Aging appears to be an irreversible process. Here we report that nicotinamide (NAA) can induce rapid and reversible reversion of aging phenotypes in human diploid fibroblasts in terms of cell morphology and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Although NAA seems to enhance the replicative potential of the cells, it has little effect on their growth rate and life span, suggesting that NAA action is rather separated from the cellular replicative system. The effects are unique to NAA: none of the NAA-related compounds examined (an NAD precursor/niacin, NAD analogs, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors) exerted similar effects. Thus, NAD-related metabolism and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are unlikely related to the NAA action. On the other hand, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity was elevated in NAA-exposed cells, while in aged cells, HAT activity and histone H4 acetylation were lowered. Taken together, the results suggest that NAA may cause rejuvenation by restoring, at least in part, altered gene expression in aged cells through its activation of HAT. Received 27 August 2001; received after revision 15 October 2001; accepted 15 October 2001     

基于聚类层次分析模型的社区老年活动场所研究——以福州市中心城区为例

 作为老年人生活空间的重要组成部分,社区老年活动场所的建设须考虑老年人的活动特点和需求。以福州市中心城区的典型社区老年活动场所为例,采用OD调查法与相关分析法等确定了影响社区老年活动场所到访量的因子,并以SD法、德尔菲法等确定各影响因子的权重值,最终构建社区老年活动场所聚类层次分析评价模型,以评价各类型的社区老年活动场所。     

紫外老化对复合改性沥青混合料路用性能影响

沥青混合料在高海拔地区由于恶劣的环境因素影响导致其性能衰减,其中较大辐照度的紫外线使路面在短期内出现“泛白”的现象,影响沥青面层的使用寿命。选取几种抗紫外老化复合改性沥青方案进行室内沥青混合料抗紫外老化研究。借助自主开发的耐气候环境老化箱对沥青混合料进行紫外老化模拟试验,研究复合改性沥青对混合料抗紫外老化的效果。结果表明与SBS改性沥青相比,L64和L4分别比SBS改性沥青未老化之前的断裂能分别提升了8.16%和5.86%,L64和L4紫外老化后的复合改性沥青具有更好的抗裂性能和抗疲劳性能以及高温稳定性,其结果对于预防沥青路面紫外老化具有较大的工程价值。     

成年女性年龄分层与颈总动脉结构重塑相关性研究

应用高频超声技术评估增龄对成年女性颈总动脉形态的影响。3886例成年女性每10岁为一个年龄层组,采用高频超声技术观察成年女性颈总动脉的管径及内-中膜的厚度。年龄分层分析显示女性自20岁起各年龄层的颈总动脉的管径和内-中膜的厚度伴随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加,50岁以后血管老化增速。年龄对女性颈总动脉内-中膜厚度的影响大于颈总动脉管径,血管管径因IMT增长而代偿性扩张的能力随着年龄的增加而呈现下降趋势,增龄可使成年女性颈总动脉发生衰老性结构重塑。     

时效温度对890MPa级含铜钢组织与性能的影响

根据纳米析出强化机制,设计了一种屈服强度为890MPa的超高强海洋工程用钢——NEU890钢.在相同固溶条件下,研究了时效温度对NEU890钢显微组织、室温拉伸性能、-40℃ Charpy冲击功的影响.用透射电子显微镜分析纳米级析出相分布,并计算出其强度贡献值.结果表明,固溶态试样屈服强度为852MPa,500℃时效屈服强度达到峰值1026MPa,呈现典型时效析出强化特征.NEU890钢的脆性时效温度区间为300~500℃.当时效温度为550~600℃时,NEU890钢的屈服强度为994~910MPa,-40℃冲击功为108~166J,可满足EQ91钢拉伸和冲击性能指标要求.     

SBS改性沥青老化及防老化研究进展

 SBS改性沥青在使用过程中,经受热、氧、光及交通荷载等因素的交互作用,其路用性能随之劣化,研究其老化行为具有重要意义。本文分析了SBS改性沥青老化过程中的影响因素,阐述了沥青老化性能评价指标与方法,综述了SBS改性沥青热-氧、热-光-氧老化机理,表明SBS改性沥青老化过程伴随沥青的老化和SBS的降解,轻组分向重组分转变;改善SBS的聚合结构、掺入纳米复合材料等稳定剂是延缓SBS改性沥青老化的有效途径。     

Effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth behavior of cast duplex stainless steels

The effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Z3CN20-09M cast duplex stainless steel with low ferrite content was investigated in this study. The crack surfaces and crack growth paths were analyzed to clarify the FCG mechanisms. The microstructure and micromechanical properties before and after thermal aging were also studied. Spinodal decomposition in the aged ferrite phase led to an increase in the hardness and a decrease in the plastic deformation capacity, whereas the hardness and plastic deformation capacity of the austenite phase were almost unchanged after thermal aging. The aged material exhibited a better FCG resistance than the unaged material in the near-threshold regime because of the increased roughness-induced crack closure associated with the tortuous crack path and rougher fracture surface; however, the tendency was reversed in the Paris regime because of the cleavage fracture in the aged ferrite phases.     

时效温度对铝青铜Cu14Al-X摩擦特性的影响

利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对铝青铜Cu14Al-X经920 ℃×2 h固溶处理,对经450、580、650 ℃ 3种温度下进行时效处理后的微观组织、磨损表面形貌进行了分析,研究了时效温度对铝青铜Cu14Al-X摩擦性能的影响.结果表明,以0.2 m/s的速度滑动720 m后,经450 ℃×3 h时效处理的铝青铜Cu14Al-X在低载荷(50 kg)下其摩擦系数最小,减磨性能最好,同时具有最好的耐磨性.而580 ℃×3 h时效处理后,高、低载荷下都表现出优秀的耐磨性,表明在此温度下时效处理后材料的承载能力最好.