缺货补偿条件下的生产规划模型及算法

针对缺货补偿条件下有能力约束、多产品、多阶段制造系统的生产规划问题，以利润最大为目标，建立混合整数规划模型。通过对模型的等价转换，基于对偶理论将等价模型分解为相互关联的生产主问题和库存子问题，设计对偶分解算法进行求解。数值实例的计算结果，说明了算法的收敛趋势以及在计算时间方面的性能。     

航空电子设备备件需求量分析

在总结国内、外工程实践经验的基础上 ,结合概率统计的理论对航空电子设备的初始备件与后续备件的需求量模型作出一定的理论探讨。根据实际情况将备件分为有寿命要求的可修件、无寿命要求的可修件、有寿命要求的不可修件、无寿命要求的不可修件和消耗件 ,并相应建立其备件需求量模型 ,最后给出一个工程实例     

林农复合系统中的种群共存增益和林分控制

通过在江苏省里下河地区连续８年的试验，发现林农复合系统生产力的提高主要来自资源共亨增益和林木生产增益。前者通过资源开发途径，后者通过物种间的互利作用。在３年生林分中，人增益占复合经营总生物量的７７．１－８１．４％，但随林龄增加面降低。而间作引起的林木生长量增加的比值低于３．３％，但随林增加有所提高。根据资源共享增益和林木生长增益，确定了随机冠投影面积变化庆进行的林分结构的最佳控制数值。     

提前期牛鞭效应的产生与基于TOC的生产计划控制

分析敏捷供应链下存货型生产类型生产计划和控制的特点和要求，从新的角度——“通过时间综合症”的存在分析了生产提前期牛鞭效应产生的原因及对敏捷供应链生产计划和控制的影响，阐述了常规控制牛鞭效应措施的局限，探讨了在敏捷供应链条件下，基于约束理论（TOC）的存货生产牛鞭效应的控制方法。     

A TQCS-based Scheduling Approach for Manufacturing Grid

IntroductionsIn 2000, Ian Foster refined the definition [1] of Grid as“resource sharing and coordinated problem solving indynamic, multi institutional virtual organizations”. WithOGSA (Open Grid Service Architecture) [2] as its systemframework, OGSI (Open Grid Services Infrastructure) [3]as its implement mechanism and GT3 ( GlobusToolkit3.0) [4] as its development software, Grid is nowbecoming a newparadigm for solvinglarge scale distributedresource …     

Developing the methodology of TSI: From the oblique use of methods to creative design

During the last 13 years, a dialogue has been conducted in the Critical Systems literature on the subject of choice betwen methods. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, researchers went in two separate directions. One direction involved an exploration of the “creative design of methods.” This is when the problem situation is understood in terms of a series of systemically interrelated research questions, each of which might need to be addressed using a different method, or part of a method. A synthesis is generated that allows each individual research question to be addressed as part of a whole system of questions. The other research direction involved the development of “Total Systems Intervention” (TSI), a meta-methodology that, amongst other things, encourages the creative exploration of the problem situation prior to the choice of methods. One of the latest innovations in TSI is a theory of the “oblique” use of methods. This is the use of methods for purposes other than those they were originally designed for. However, it is argued here that all the case studies that have been subject to an “oblique” interpretation can be better explained if they are seen as examples of the creative design of methods. We can therefore bring together the two strands of research that have hitherto been pursued separately in the Critical Systems literature. it is suggested that TSI can be enhanced by an understanding of the creative design of methods because the latter allows us to explain the purposive, flexible, and responsive way in which TSI is most successfully used in practice.     

The generation of random,binary unordered trees

Several techniques are given for the uniform generation of trees for use in Monte Carlo studies of clustering and tree representations. First, general strategies are reviewed for random selection from a set of combinatorial objects with special emphasis on two that use random mapping operations. Theorems are given on how the number of such objects in the set (e.g., whether the number is prime) affects which strategies can be used. Based on these results, methods are presented for the random generation of six types of binary unordered trees. Three types of labeling and both rooted and unrooted forms are considered. Presentation of each method includes the theory of the method, the generation algorithm, an analysis of its computational complexity and comments on the distribution of trees over which it samples. Formal proofs and detailed algorithms are in appendices.     

A reduction algorithm for approximating a (nonmetric) dissimilarity by a tree distance

We propose a development stemming from Roux (1988). The principle is progressively to modify the dissimilarities so that every quadruple satisfies not only the additive inequality, as in Roux's method, but also all triangle inequalities. Our method thus ensures that the results are tree distances even when the observed dissimilarities are nonmetric. The method relies on the analytic solution of the least-squares projection onto a tree distance of the dissimilarities attached to a single quadruple. This goal is achieved by using geometric reasoning which also enables an easy proof of algorithm's convergence. This proof is simpler and more complete than that of Roux (1988) and applies to other similar reduction methods based on local least-squares projection. The method is illustrated using Case's (1978) data. Finally, we provide a comparative study with simulated data and show that our method compares favorably with that of Studier and Keppler (1988) which follows in the ADDTREE tradition (Sattath and Tversky 1977). Moreover, this study seems to indicate that our method's results are generally close to the global optimum according to variance accounted for.We offer sincere thanks to Gilles Caraux, Bernard Fichet, Alain Guénoche, and Maurice Roux for helpful discussions, advice, and for reading the preliminary versions of this paper. We are grateful to three anonymous referees and to the editor for many insightful comments. This research was supported in part by the GREG and the IA² network.     

从《科学技术基本计划》看日本科技发展战略

泡沫经济破灭后,日本定期出台《科学技术基本计划》,决心依靠科技重建经济实力,并在科技领域走在世界前列。我国当前科技发展与日本当年有相似之处,该计划对我国有重要借鉴价值。介绍《科学技术基本计划》出台背景和过程,分析日本科技发展目的、战略目标和基本策略,以及计划实施效果,并对我国科技发展战略制定提出建议。     

基于模糊逻辑的产生式规则拓展

在CAPP系统中,工艺知识通常采用产生式规则来表达.由于工艺知识具有模糊性和不确定性,而传统的产生式规则又难以表示和处理这类带有模糊性和不确定性的工艺知识,所以必须使用一些模糊的语言来描述这些知识并以此来进行推理.针对这一问题,提出了一个基于模糊逻辑的产生式规则模型,给出了模糊规则的产生式规则表达式以及模糊规则中各命题之间的逻辑关系,同时也指出了模糊规则的模糊匹配方式.