Developing a Design Science for the Use of Problem Structuring Methods

The considerable literature concerning problem structuring methods (PSMs) lacks, unfortunately, an understanding about how users gain relevant expertise. One element contributing to the acquisition of expertise is the availability of knowledge about standard practices. Making such knowledge about the use of PSMs accessible will therefore improve the support available to those seeking to gain or improve their expertise. It is argued here that viewing the use of PSMs as a Design Science provides a framework within which this knowledge may be formalised, evaluated, and presented. Knowledge within the Design Sciences is embodied in technological rules validated by field-testing in case studies and grounding against a suitable theoretical framework. Many examples of such rules centred on the models and representations used in PSMs are found in the existing literature. This is least helpful in showing how the methods are embedded in the broader context of intervention processes. Producing further, complementary rules focussed on this area of practice will both increase understanding of how PSMs are used and facilitate the acquisition of relevant expertise. This article identifies what these rules could consist of and suggests how they may be produced.     

论广告中的技术美与艺术美

技术与艺术之间存在冲突与和谐。广告中的技术美与艺术美既有同一又有差异。广告中的技术与艺术都服务于广告美的实现。广告美的实现有赖于广告中技术美与艺术美的融合。     

论“中庸”与“和谐”在内涵和外延之间的异同

“中庸”与“和谐”都是我国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们在方法论上体现出矛盾的存在状态及其对立统一；在价值观上有利于提高人们的道德修养；在社会生活中有利于协调各种社会关系，它们在具有相同内涵的同时也存在着性质上的差异性。澄清它们内涵与外延之间的异同，对于构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的理论意义和客观的现实价值。     

关于物体称重的设计

本文给出了如何提高物体测重精度的实施方法和理论依据。     

Technological forecasting with nonlinear models

The S-shaped growth curves such as Gompertz, logistic, normal and Weibuli are widely used for forecasting technological substitutions. A family of data-based transformed (DBT) models, which are linear in the regression parameters, including the above-mentioned four models as special cases has been shown to be quite useful for short-term forecasts. This paper explores modeling the technology penetration data directly with assumed S-shaped growth curves. The resulting models, which are nonlinear in the regression parameters, also incorporate proper dependence structure and power transformation. It appears that the nonlinear modeling is a viable alternative to the DBT and other conventional forecasting models in forecasting technological substitutions. Hence, an appropriate strategy is to consider the nonlinear modeling approaches as possible alternatives and use the data at hand to select, via pseudo-cross-validation, the best model for forecasting purposes.     

周期抛物问题差分方法降阶解法

对周期抛物问题的差分方法,本文提出一种将周期抛物问题变换为如同处理边值问题的递推过程的降阶方法。     

城镇阴影区植物分布信息提取与亮度修复的方法

在建筑林立的城镇建成区,其绿化地通常有约20％的植物处于阴影区,为了实现绿化植物群碳捕获模型的全遥感驱动,必须解决的基础性难题之一是分离与提取阴影区植物.为此提出了归一化阴影指数(Normalized Difference Umbra Index,NDUI)的概念.当采用归一化植被指数(Normalized Diffe...     

论农业企业科技创新政策中的主要弊端及其不良后果

分析了当前我国农业科技创新严重依赖高等院校和科研院所,农业企业居于尴尬的第三层次地位这一不符合世界农业科技创新主体基本结构问题的主要原因,认为我国农业科技创新政策体系对农业企业的重视程度不够,缺乏强有力的扶持力度,并已经产生了较为严重的后果,为此,需要对现行的政策体系进行创造性改革,突出农业企业的主体地位.     

德国科研体系的发展及对我国创新基地建设的启示

德国是世界上经济和科技强国,"德国制造"一向以高品质、高科技含量著称,这些都与其独树一帜科研机构布局体系密不可分。在详细介绍德国科研机构布局体系的基础上,分析联邦德国境内主要的科研机构、高等院校、企业界等有关机构的发展状况与特点,并提出对我国创新基地建设的若干思考。