Whence the eigenstate–eigenvalue link?

David Wallace has recently argued that the eigenstate–eigenvalue (E–E) link has no place in serious discussions of quantum mechanics on the grounds that, as he claims, the E–E link is an invention of philosophers rather than the community of practicing physicists. This raises an historical question regarding the origin of the link. This paper aims to answer this question by tracing the historical development of the link through six key textbooks of quantum mechanics. In light of the historical evidence from these textbooks, it is argued that Wallace provides insufficient grounds for dismissing the E–E link from discussions of quantum mechanics.     

相干捕获条件下原子态的特性

研究了耦合双原子与单模压缩真空场Ram an相互作用过程中原子的相干捕获。结果表明:相干捕获后的原子态为一不同于初态的纯态,原子系统与光场的纠缠分解。     

Target space ≠ space

This paper investigates the significance of T-duality in string theory: the indistinguishability with respect to all observables, of models attributing radically different radii to space—larger than the observable universe, or far smaller than the Planck length, say. Two interpretational branch points are identified and discussed. First, whether duals are physically equivalent or not: by considering a duality of the familiar simple harmonic oscillator, I argue that they are. Unlike the oscillator, there are no measurements ‘outside’ string theory that could distinguish the duals. Second, whether duals agree or disagree on the radius of ‘target space’, the space in which strings evolve according to string theory. I argue for the latter position, because the alternative leaves it unknown what the radius is. Since duals are physically equivalent yet disagree on the radius of target space, it follows that the radius is indeterminate between them. Using an analysis of Brandenberger and Vafa (1989), I explain why—even so—space is observed to have a determinate, large radius. The conclusion is that observed, ‘phenomenal’ space is not target space, since a space cannot have both a determinate and indeterminate radius: instead phenomenal space must be a higher-level phenomenon, not fundamental.     

From aether impulse to QED: Sommerfeld and the Bremsstrahlen theory

The radiation that is due to the braking of charged particles has been in the focus of theoretical physics since the discovery of X-rays by the end of the 19th century. The impact of cathode rays in the anti-cathode of an X-ray tube that resulted in the production of X-rays led to the view that X-rays are aether impulses spreading from the site of the impact. In 1909, Arnold Sommerfeld calculated from Maxwell׳s equations the angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation due to the braking of electrons. He thereby coined the notion of “Bremsstrahlen.” In 1923, Hendrik A. Kramers provided a quantum theoretical explanation of this process by means of Bohr׳s correspondence principle. With the advent of quantum mechanics the theory of bremsstrahlung became a target of opportunity for theorists like Yoshikatsu Sugiura, Robert Oppenheimer, and–again–Sommerfeld, who presented in 1931 a comprehensive treatise on this subject. Throughout the 1930s, Sommerfeld׳s disciples in Munich and elsewhere extended and improved the bremsstrahlen theory. Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler, in particular, in 1934 presented a theory that was later regarded as “the most important achievement of QED in the 1930s” (Freeman Dyson). From a historical perspective the bremsstrahlen problem may be regarded as a probe for the evolution of theories in response to revolutionary changes in the underlying principles.     

A general perspective on time observables

I propose a general geometric framework in which to discuss the existence of time observables. This framework allows one to describe a local sense in which time observables always exist, and a global sense in which they can sometimes exist subject to a restriction on the vector fields that they generate. Pauli׳s prohibition on quantum time observables is derived as a corollary to this result. I will then discuss how time observables can be regained in modest extensions of quantum theory beyond its standard formulation.     

密态数据库的检索与信息渗漏

为了提高数据库的安全,防止越过权限控制的信息泄露,利用数据项这一最小粒度作为加密单元,以增强数据库安全。分析了目前数据库中加密数据的方案。提出一种基于平均差值排序的密态数据库检索方法,以隐藏明文序列防止动态追踪。对字段级加密,通过引入干扰因子来隐藏信息的泄露。对可能出现的有限值域信息泄露进行了研究。对文献[5]提出的防泄露算法进行了分析。实验结果表明:改进的方法在增强数据安全的同时,也具有较短的响应时间。     

民间信仰的历史传承与申遗策略——以温州宁村“汤和信仰”为例

浙江温州龙湾区“汤和信仰”是地方民间信仰中最具特殊性、典型性的个案之一。通过文献资料和田野材料，叙述了从“汤和信仰”到“汤和信俗”的产生、演变过程，分析了汤和信仰在历史上曾属于国家和民间两个层面的特点，阐释了汤和信仰申遗成功的背景、策略和意义。     

萘及其1-卤素取代化合物的荧光光谱的量子化学研究

萘及其化合物一般具有较大的共轭体系,是一类良好的电致发光材料.对萘及其卤代化合物的荧光光谱进行了理论研究.在B3LYP/6-31G水平下优化了4种化合物的几何构型.在振动分析中,均未出现虚频率.基于此,在B3LYP/6-31G的水平下计算了该类化合物的荧光光谱,所有计算结果与实验值基本吻合.     

促进山西转型发展的研究

随着经济全球化进程的加快,中国经济发展的战略重点已开始由沿海地区向中部地区转移,给山西发展带来了大好机遇。文章从山西的优势、瓶颈问题及解决对策等方面进行了阐述,必将对山西转型发展起到一定的借鉴作用。     

从熵增到非均势:组织冲突的政策意蕴

传统组织行为理论认为组织冲突可以通过内部处理、社会规范调节和外部资源介入等方式得以解决,是"均势"条件下的应对策略。由于组织冲突中存在多均衡点、投机倾向以及合谋等问题,利用传统解决机制应对组织冲突问题会导致诸多负面效应,因而需要将非均势条件内化为解决组织冲突的"必备项"。把组织冲突问题从"均势"条件向"非均势"条件延伸,在"非均势"条件存在的情况下,组织冲突双方行为变化呈现非线性机制,在本文所讨论的理论框架中"均势"条件仅仅是一种"极端解"。鉴于此,控制与调节解决组织冲突的政策法律,同样需要扩展到非均势条件下组织冲突领域,并将其纳入到相关解决策略之中。