中国网络游戏产业的SCP范式分析

通过实证数据分析,深入剖析了中国网络游戏产业的市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效,提出了产业组织政策建议,以及运营商核心竞争力的绩效评价指标。     

会计环境变迁引起的会计范式思考

全球化、信息化、金融化的经济发展从各个方面影响着企业的经济管理活动,在此背景下,旧的会计范式中,会计理论体系和方法体系都受到巨大挑战,针对企业内部价值活动的会计管理活动无法关注企业外部相关价值活动,不能有效地反映新经济形态下企业价值管理中从供应商到顾客的价值链信息,限制了会计信息的决策作用。新经济形态的出现和会计环境的变化,泛会计概念的提出为会计范式的改革开辟了新视角。     

面对世界的中国传统——人类学与中国传统漫谈

在2007年10月27日“人类学与中国传统”圆桌论坛的大会中,徐杰舜教授提出“人类学的中国话语”,引起了各方的激烈论争。这是一个关系到中国人类学学科发展未来走向的命题。同时,问题也不止于此。在“中国话语”论争的表征背后所触及到的,应该是一个更为坚实和更为深刻的基底——中国传统。人类学如何面对多元一体的中国传统？这关涉到中国人类学研究的理论诉求、方法范式,以及现实关怀等一系列值得我们共同思考的问题。因此,作为对圆桌论坛的“人类学的中国话语”学术论争的一种回应和延伸,人类学与中国传统的圆桌座谈会的意义就显得格外重要。本刊将陆续发表由徐杰舜教授策划、主持的“人类学与中国传统”圆桌系列座谈会的纪实,以飨读者。     

基于情感字典与连词结合的中文文本情感分类

本文首先利用基础情感词典以及基准词对所需研究领域的评论文本进行分析,以此获得特定领域具有感情倾向的特征词语。而后利用基准词以及获得的特征词语对评论进行分析,对于有感情词的句子,采用计算感情值来判别其感情倾向以及感情程度,对于无感情词的句子,采用连词的方法来进行感情的判别。实验结果表明,该方法能够对不同领域的评论得到较好的感情分类效果。     

The Abductive Loop: Tracking Irrational Sets

We argue from the Church-Turing thesis (Kleene Mathematical logic. New York: Wiley 1967) that a program can be considered as equivalent to a formal language similar to predicate calculus where predicates can be taken as functions. We can relate such a calculus to Wittgenstein’s first major work, the Tractatus, and use the Tractatus and its theses as a model of the formal classical definition of a computer program. However, Wittgenstein found flaws in his initial great work and he explored these flaws in a new thesis described in his second great work; the Philosophical Investigations. The question we address is “can computer science make the same leap?” We are proposing, because of the flaws identified by Wittgenstein, that computers will never have the possibility of natural communication with people unless they become active participants of human society. The essential difference between formal models used in computing and human communication is that formal models are based upon rational sets whereas people are not so restricted. We introduce irrational sets as a concept that requires the use of an abductive inference system. However, formal models are still considered central to our means of using hypotheses through deduction to make predictions about the world. These formal models are required to continually be updated in response to peoples’ changes in their way of seeing the world. We propose that one mechanism used to keep track of these changes is the Peircian abductive loop.     

Repertoires: A post-Kuhnian perspective on scientific change and collaborative research

We propose a framework to describe, analyze, and explain the conditions under which scientific communities organize themselves to do research, particularly within large-scale, multidisciplinary projects. The framework centers on the notion of a research repertoire, which encompasses well-aligned assemblages of the skills, behaviors, and material, social, and epistemic components that a group may use to practice certain kinds of science, and whose enactment affects the methods and results of research. This account provides an alternative to the idea of Kuhnian paradigms for understanding scientific change in the following ways: (1) it does not frame change as primarily generated and shaped by theoretical developments, but rather takes account of administrative, material, technological, and institutional innovations that contribute to change and explicitly questions whether and how such innovations accompany, underpin, and/or undercut theoretical shifts; (2) it thus allows for tracking of the organization, continuity, and coherence in research practices which Kuhn characterized as ‘normal science’ without relying on the occurrence of paradigmatic shifts and revolutions to be able to identify relevant components; and (3) it requires particular attention be paid to the performative aspects of science, whose study Kuhn pioneered but which he did not extensively conceptualize. We provide a detailed characterization of repertoires and discuss their relationship with communities, disciplines, and other forms of collaborative activities within science, building on an analysis of historical episodes and contemporary developments in the life sciences, as well as cases drawn from social and historical studies of physics, psychology, and medicine.     

库恩后期哲学中抛弃了“范式”吗

20世纪80年代库恩哲学中原本的核心概念“范式”消失了。这似乎成为库恩哲学转向的标志，甚至成为历史主义科学哲学转向的标志。事实上“范式”观念以“类词”的名称依然存在于库恩哲学中，我们完全可以追溯这一演变的历程，从而揭示演变发生的原因。     

决策系统的内在关系分析

当前的各种面向复杂性问题决策研究难以回答何谓“复杂决策”这一基本问题，基于复杂性这一划分维度，本文把决策系统划分为简单决策和复杂决策两种系统；比较了两种系统中的决策在思维模式、理论背景、决策概念、研究范式、研究方法论、决策方法，以及理论适应的范围等方面的相互区别；通过比较分析，综合出“复杂决策与简单决策两种系统的本质差异”“新研究范式”“方法论”和“决策概念本身的演化”这几个方面对理解“复杂决策”所具有的启发意义。     

信息超循环原理的序量范式表述

序量是信息实际表现的有序度。序量范式是一种广义信息范式体系。序量范式运用潜在信息、无序的物质能量、显在信息符号表达序量。序量范式可用于表述信息超循环过程。信息超循环原理是化学超循环论的推广。序量范式表述的信息超循环原理，更生动、清晰地展现着普遍的信息超循环动态机制；凸现着信息自组织生成过程的规律和本质。     

Thought styles and paradigms—a comparative study of Ludwik Fleck and Thomas S. Kuhn

At first glance there seem to be many similarities between Thomas S. Kuhn’s and Ludwik Fleck’s accounts of the development of scientific knowledge. Notably, both pay attention to the role played by the scientific community in the development of scientific knowledge. But putting first impressions aside, one can criticise some philosophers for being too hasty in their attempt to find supposed similarities in the works of the two men. Having acknowledged that Fleck anticipated some of Kuhn’s later theses, there seems to be a temptation in more recent research to equate both theories in important respects. Because of this approach, one has to deal with the problem of comparing the most notable technical terms of both philosophers, namely “thought style” and “paradigm”.This paper aims at a more thorough comparison between Ludwik Fleck’s concept of thought style and Thomas Kuhn’s concept of paradigm. Although some philosophers suggest that these two concepts are essentially equal in content, a closer examination reveals that this is not the case. This thesis of inequality will be defended in detail, also taking into account some of the alleged similarities which may be responsible for losing sight of the differences between these theories.