水质在线检测系统

介绍了一种水质在线检测系统，该系统用于水产养殖中，能随时了解水质情况，提高养殖效益。本系统利用MCS－51单片机的多机通信原理，其上位控制机和下位采集机均采用89C51单片机为CPU。同时介绍了上位控制机和下位采集机的设计以及上、下位机之间多机通信的实现。     

远程非接触式人体测量系统的研究与实现

针对目前服装定制电子商务中非现场人体尺寸获取无法获取的问题,研究实现了一种远程非接触式人体测量系统。由服装定制者自己摄取人体正、侧面正交图像上传,系统对图像进行规范化处理,可直接获得人体长度、宽度等有关尺寸信息;而人体的围度尺寸则依靠已建成的人体数字模形数据库和对应二维图像库,经比较、修正、拟合和计算间接获取。结果表明此方法可靠易行,对在线服装定制领域有着很好的应用前景。     

Four tails problems for dynamical collapse theories

The primary quantum mechanical equation of motion entails that measurements typically do not have determinate outcomes, but result in superpositions of all possible outcomes. Dynamical collapse theories (e.g. GRW) supplement this equation with a stochastic Gaussian collapse function, intended to collapse the superposition of outcomes into one outcome. But the Gaussian collapses are imperfect in a way that leaves the superpositions intact. This is the tails problem. There are several ways of making this problem more precise. But many authors dismiss the problem without considering the more severe formulations. Here I distinguish four distinct tails problems. The first (bare tails problem) and second (structured tails problem) exist in the literature. I argue that while the first is a pseudo-problem, the second has not been adequately addressed. The third (multiverse tails problem) reformulates the second to account for recently discovered dynamical consequences of collapse. Finally the fourth (tails problem dilemma) shows that solving the third by replacing the Gaussian with a non-Gaussian collapse function introduces new conflict with relativity theory.     

Calibration: Modelling the measurement process

Calibration procedures establish a reliable relation between the final states (‘indications’) of a measurement process and features of the objects being measured (‘outcomes’). This article analyzes the inferential structure of calibration procedures. I show that calibration is a modelling activity, namely the activity of constructing, deriving predictions from, and testing theoretical and statistical models of a measurement process. Measurement outcomes are parameter value ranges that maximize the predictive accuracy and mutual coherence of such models, among other desiderata. This model-based view of calibration clarifies the source of objectivity of measurement outcomes, the nature of measurement accuracy, and the close relationship between measurement and prediction. Contrary to commonly held views, I argue that measurement standards are not necessary for calibration, although they are useful in maintaining coherence across large networks of measurement procedures.     

Measurement,coordination, and the relativized a priori

The problem of measurement is a central issue in the epistemology and methodology of the physical sciences. In recent literature on scientific representation, large emphasis has been put on the “constitutive role” played by measurement procedures as forms of representation. Despite its importance, this issue hardly finds any mention in writings on constitutive principles, viz. in Michael Friedman׳s account of relativized a priori principles. This issue, instead, was at the heart of Reichenbach׳s analysis of coordinating principles that has inspired Friedman׳s interpretation. This paper suggests that these procedures should have a part in an account of constitutive principles of science, and that they could be interpreted following the intuition originally present (but ultimately not fully developed) in Reichenbach׳s early work.     

测量误差基本数学模型及应用

本文采用《国际通用计量学基本名词》中有关测量误差的概念,建立测量误差的基本数学模型;利用所建基本模型得到了诸如等精度模型、无偏差模型、恒偏差模型、非恒偏差模型、恒相对偏差模型、非恒相对偏差模型等等的各种特殊模型;文章还以两种测量方法为例,讨论了此数学模型的具体应用。     

弹性体打击时间的测定

本讨论了弹性体打击的模型，提出了运用ＭＣＳ－５１微处理器精密测量弹性体打击时间的方法，并对测量结果进行了分析，对比。结论是使用这种测定方法，得到的数据准确，可靠，对材料特发表主材料结构的研究，有着十分重要的价值。     

钻头切削力动态测试系统试验研究

研制了一套由微机控制的高速数据采集系统,用于洲试钻头破岩过程中切削齿上所受切削力的瞬态变化规律.为了提高系统的测试速度及精度,采用三路A/D通道并行工作,并配有通道自动切换及数据自动输出逻辑,数据传输采用DMA方式.该系统可同时测8个切削齿,经单齿模拟测试,测试结果正确反映了切削齿切削力的变化规律.     

小角X射线散射-分割分布函数法的建立和应用

本文介绍了小角X射线散射-分割分布函数法(SAXS-DDF)的建立,并用该方法测定了γ-Al_2O_3超细粉末和La改性的Ni/α-Al_2O_3催化剂中载体表面上活性组分Ni的粘度分布。该方法把计算散射强度的积分方程转化为线性方程组,采用合理的数学模型和计算机程序相继给出平均粒度、比表面、粒度组成和直方图等特征参数。对测定方法的童复性和可靠性进行了验证。用透射电子显微镜的照片结果证实了Ni/α-Al_2O_3催化剂中活性组分颗粒所呈的形状和粒度分布的规律。测试结果说明,SAXS-DDF法适合于测试单相超细粉末或两相催化剂中金属活性组分颗粒的粒度分布。     

凸轮滚子半圆弧面的自动磨削及其测量法

论述了“凸轮滚子半圆弧面的自动磨削及其测量的方法”。这种新的工艺方法,解决了某厂生产中的关键问题,使生产出的合格产品替代了进口,为国家节省了大量外汇。