On the physiology of metazoa

The problem of integration and control of the various processes of the metazoan organism is a major challenge to the physiologist. The traditional research strategy in dealing with the problem is neuron-oriented and its roots extend back into the last century when knowledge of hormones was lacking. In the present article, the traditional strategy is analyzed in the light of available data and its logical basis is questioned. Different levels of communication are supposed to occur in the animal or human body. Circulating hormones are responsible for the highest level of communication that occurs between organs or tissues. The central concept in the article is that regulation of circulating hormones constitutes a higher level of control relative to regulation of intercellular hormones. This is regardless of whether the latter occurs in the nervous system or elsewhere. The approach is utilized in defining the mechanism that integrates and controls the part processes of the body. The mechanism is defined as endothelial; the vascular endothelial system is the controlling part and the nervous system is one of the subordinate parts. Thanks to the new approach, meaningful biological explanations of major psychiatric disorders are now possible.     

The biotransformation of tritiated 3-dehydroecdysone by crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

The injection of 3-dehydroecdysone (3dhE, 5 /g), the major ecdysteroid secreted by the Y-organ of crayfishProcambarus clarkii, resulted in apolysis within about 5 days. The hormonal response at the molecular level was investigated by injection of the radio-labeled compound; within 3 h of injection of [³H]3dhE, most radio-isotope was found in the extracted epidermal tissues and identified as ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and their 3-hydroxy epimers. The biotransformation was undoubtedly performed in the peripheral area of the Y-organ. Cleavage of the polar conjugates, using an enzyme fromHelix pomatia, gave all of the above ecdysteroids including 3dhE. It was also found that the biosynthetic site of 3dhE was different from that of ecdysone at the subcellular level of the Y-organ.     

α-Particle track autoradiographic study of the distribution of a [211At]-astatinated drug in normal tissues of the mouse

Summary The microscopic distribution of the potential endoradiotherapeutic drug, 6-[²¹¹At]-astato-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinol bis (diphosphate salt) in normal tissues of the mouse has been studied by -particle track autoradiography. The uptake into critical radiosensitive tissues, especially bone marrow, colon and lung, was low.     

采用0.13μm CMOS工艺开关电容ΔΣ调制器的设计和实现

 采用0.13μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一个开关电容2阶ΔΣ调制器.该调制器能够将一个中心频率为455 kHz,带宽为10kHz的调幅信号转换成具有10位分辨率、信噪比为62dB的1位编码信号.在设计运算放大器时,充分考虑了短沟道晶体管设计的一些特殊要求,特别是考虑了MOS场效应管的输出电导gd这个非常敏感的设计参数.所设计电路的芯片的面积为260μm×370μm,工作电压为1.2 V.与其它的同类调制器相比,由于采用0.13μm CMOS工艺进行设计,因而芯片面积小,工作电压低.     

一种新型光码分多址通信技术

提出一种新型光码分多址通信技术，该技术与以前文献提出的技术相比，可较大地增大系统容量，提高系统速率，处理增益高，而不需超短脉冲激光发射机，将光纤的巨大带宽与码分多址高的频谱利用率相结合，并可与DWDM技术结合，极大提高系统容量，而且价格便宜，在CATV网络，高速局域网中有巨大的应用潜力。     

Ore—Bondy定理的一个推广

通过对Ｃｎ,ｐ类图的充充,研究了（ｐ,ｑ）图（ｑ≤ｐ＋１）和Ｃｐ 包装问题。     

Differential expression and dosage compensation of theα-amylase gene inDrosphila miranda

Summary The-amylase gene ofDrosophila miranda is located on the X²-and on the neo-Y-chromosome, both developing sex chromosomes. Crosses between strains carrying different electrophoretically distinguishable alleles of the-amylase gene were performed. Females of the F₁ offspring showed the expected heterozygosity, while the males proved to be hemizygous for this locus. Only the gene on the X²-chromosome is expressed, whereas the corresponding gene on the neo-Y-chromosome is not. Estimates of the-amylase activity in crude homogenates of male and female flies suggest strongly that the-amylase gene is dosage compensated inD. miranda. In contrast to this situation, in all otherDrosophila species the-amylase allele is autosomal and hence not dosage compensated.Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Betty C. Moore, for the kind supply ofD. miranda strains. For the help and advice in the electrophoretic separation of the-amylase variants we are indebted to Dr W. Pinsker. This work was supported by a grant from the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, P5413 (Austria).     

Effect of dexamethasone on Fc γ receptor expression in foetal and neonatal rat gut

Summary When injected into 12-day-old suckling rats, dexamethasone caused a precocious disappearance of Fc receptors from enterocytes of the proximal small intestine. However, dexamethasone appeared to be necessary for the maintenance or production of such receptors in foetal rat gut cultured in vitro.Supported by an award from the Science and Engineering Research Council.     

P-5m八肽对肝癌HepG2细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9表达的抑制作用

目的探讨P-5m八肽对肝癌HepG2细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响,以及P-5m八肽的抗肿瘤作用机制.方法用终浓度为10μmol/L和100μmol/L的P-5m八肽分别对处于对数生长期的HepG2细胞进行处理,药物作用时间为36 h,36 h后将细胞裂解.采用Real-time PCR方法检测给药后细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9 m RNA表达水平的变化;Western blot方法测定MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达水平的变化.结果Real-time PCR检测显示终浓度为10μmol/L和100μmol/L的P-5m八肽对HepG2细胞刺激后,MMP-2和MMP-9的m RNA表达均受到抑制,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Western blot检测结果表明:用10μmol/L和100μmol/L的P-5m八肽对HepG2细胞刺激后,MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表达均受到抑制,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论 P-5m八肽可明显抑制HepG2细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9的表达.     

低氧对大鼠胃肠组织线粒体呼吸链复合物的抑制效应

为研究低氧环境对大鼠胃肠线粒体呼吸链复合物活性和自由基代谢的影响,将雄性Wister大鼠分别暴露于模拟5 000m海拔进行4,24,72h的低氧处理.取小肠和胃组织,采用分光光度法测定线粒体呼吸链酶复合物CⅠ~CⅣ活性,检测线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果表明,模拟高原低氧暴露4,24h可引起胃肠组织中线粒体呼吸链四种复合酶的活性明显降低(P0.01),而在72h后恢复为接近对照组水平(P0.05).低氧处理后胃肠组织的线粒体SOD活性明显低于对照组(P0.01),MDA含量高于对照组(P0.01).因此,高原低氧可抑制大鼠胃肠线粒体呼吸链组分的酶活性,该效应可能与低氧的直接作用和由此引起的氧化应激损伤有关.