虚幻与真实、镜像与自我——小说《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》中老虎角色分析

加拿大作家扬·马特尔的成名作《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》自问世以来,受到了批评界的广泛关注和赞誉。结合拉康的镜像理论和症候概念,从故事中存留的诸多疑问入手,对小说中老虎角色进行分析。通过论证老虎存在的重要性,辨析老虎的身份以及Pi“塑造”老虎的真正动因。     

毕节城区固体生活废弃物理化特性测评

通过实地采样对毕节城区固体生活废弃物的物质类别进行了分类统计。同时以ICP-MS对采样场的浸出液的理化性质进行检测。发现地区固体生活废弃物的浸出液中元素含量丰富,且具有较大的径流迁移性。     

基于随机过程的航空发动机性能可靠性预测

本文以民用航空发动机为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论和随机过程方法,对发动机的可靠性进行了研究。文中首先通过分析发动机性能退化过程,运用威布尔分布建立了基于随机过程的可靠性模型,然后利用模型得到整个机队的可靠性规律以及平均寿命,最后,通过实例验证了方法的有效性,所得平均寿命也与工程实际相符合,为航空公司进行下发预测以及维修规划提供了科学依据。     

人造生命的出场路径探析——存在论的视角

从存在论视角看,作为一种特殊在者的到场,人造生命则存在以特定方式呈现的结果.人造生命得以出场的根源蕴含在对生命的特定理解、科学的认知取向和技术的操作特征之中.现代生命观将生命"物化"为生命体,生命科学按照人的理解对生命进行"图像",生物技术则根据人的要求"订造"生命的产出.经过生命观的"物化"、生命科学的"图像"和生物...     

用序列模糊综合评判来预测套管损坏

对井下套管的情况进行判断,进而对井下套管是否会失效或损坏进行预测是非常困难的。这种困难来自于许多方面,诸如井眼周围地下情况的不明确,套管受力难以确定,复杂的失效机理,许多因素具有模糊性,套管损坏原因与结果之间的模糊关系等等。在对这些困难进行分析的基础上,本文建立起了能够处理这种模糊关系的数学模型,提出了序列模糊综合评判方法,该方法可以根据给定井及区块的数据对井下套管状态进行预测,为套管寿命预测研究开辟了一种新的途径。     

熵理论在生命科学中的应用

以泛化后的熵概念为基础,从定性、半定量和定量角度对熵理论在医学临床研究和遗传学中的应用进行了综述。     

Environmental impacts of household appliances in Europe and scenarios for their impact reduction

Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale).     

Environmental impacts of household appliances in Europe and scenarios for their impact reduction

Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale).     

中美新闻周刊科技报道比较研究——以《三联生活周刊》与美国《时代》周刊为例

作为具有深度报道优势的中美知名大众新闻期刊媒体,《三联生活周刊》与美国《时代》周刊对本国的国民科学素养和科学传播发挥着重要的作用。本文通过对《三联生活周刊》与美国《时代》周刊科技报道数量、报道内容进行比较分析,进一步分析两本期刊的内容分布、栏目设定及图片搭配等,并对中美大众新闻期刊科技报道的方向与力度进行比较,对新闻期刊科技报道质量的提升提供一些参考借鉴。     

我国寿险需求经济因素的动态分析——基于状态空间模型的实证研究

通过构建可变参数的状态空间模型,采用1999～2010年的季度数据,对影响寿险需求的主要经济因素,收入、利率及通货膨胀和寿险需求之间的关系,进行实证研究。结果显示,收入是影响寿险需求的主要因素,但在不同的时期内其影响程度不同;利率对寿险需求的影响和资本市场的发展相关;通胀对寿险需求的影响和寿险险种的构成及新型寿险所占比例有关。