羧甲基淀粉钠的合成研究

研究了以木薯淀粉为原料 ,乙醇为溶剂 ,合成羧甲基淀粉钠的合成工艺 .考查了配料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及催化剂用量对产品取代度的影响 .在选定的实验条件下 ,产品的取代度达到 0 .8以上     

自发过程的判据

判断某个状态变化过程是否自发，是物理化学课教学的重点和难点，可以从自发过程的特点及三个判断自发过程的状态函数之间的关系进行分析，得出自发过程的判据，并从三修养在适用的条件下，归纳出各判据的适用范围，使学生易于掌握。     

A different kind of revolutionary change: transformation from object to process concepts

I propose a new perspective with which to understand scientific revolutions. This is a conversion from an object-only perspective to one that properly treats object and process concepts as distinct kinds. I begin with a re-examination of the Copernican revolution. Recent findings from the history of astronomy suggest that the Copernican revolution was a move from a conceptual framework built around an object concept to one built around a process concept. Drawing from studies in the cognitive sciences, I then show that process concepts are independent of object concepts, grounded in specific regions of the brain and involving unique representational mechanisms. There are cognitive obstacles to the transformation from object to process concepts, and an object bias—a tendency to treat processes as objects—makes this kind of conceptual change difficult. Consequently, transformation from object to process concepts is disruptive and revolutionary. Finally, I explore the implications of this new perspective on scientific revolutions for both the history and philosophy of science.     

从熵增到非均势:组织冲突的政策意蕴

传统组织行为理论认为组织冲突可以通过内部处理、社会规范调节和外部资源介入等方式得以解决,是均势条件下的应对策略。由于组织冲突中存在多均衡点、投机倾向以及合谋等问题,利用传统解决机制应对组织冲突问题会导致诸多负面效应,因而需要将非均势条件内化为解决组织冲突的必备项。把组织冲突问题从均势条件向非均势条件延伸,在非均势条件存在的情况下,组织冲突双方行为变化呈现非线性机制,在本文所讨论的理论框架中均势条件仅仅是一种极端解。鉴于此,控制与调节解决组织冲突的政策法律,同样需要扩展到非均势条件下组织冲突领域,并将其纳入到相关解决策略之中。     

进程交互仿真的图形表示方法

本文利用进程的四种状态及其相互转换的图示,提出一种简单、直观,清晰、系统的图形,用来表示离散系统中的进程生命周期及交互影响,可作为建立离散系统仿真模型的一种有用工具。     

英语阅读理解教学中关联理论的运用

本文简析语用学中的关联理论,结合对阅读理解认知过程分析,分析了了关联理论对英语阅读理解的指导意义。     

Efficient algorithms for agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods

Whenevern objects are characterized by a matrix of pairwise dissimilarities, they may be clustered by any of a number of sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical, nonoverlapping (SAHN) clustering methods. These SAHN clustering methods are defined by a paradigmatic algorithm that usually requires 0(n ³) time, in the worst case, to cluster the objects. An improved algorithm (Anderberg 1973), while still requiring 0(n ³) worst-case time, can reasonably be expected to exhibit 0(n ²) expected behavior. By contrast, we describe a SAHN clustering algorithm that requires 0(n ² logn) time in the worst case. When SAHN clustering methods exhibit reasonable space distortion properties, further improvements are possible. We adapt a SAHN clustering algorithm, based on the efficient construction of nearest neighbor chains, to obtain a reasonably general SAHN clustering algorithm that requires in the worst case 0(n ²) time and space.Whenevern objects are characterized byk-tuples of real numbers, they may be clustered by any of a family of centroid SAHN clustering methods. These methods are based on a geometric model in which clusters are represented by points ink-dimensional real space and points being agglomerated are replaced by a single (centroid) point. For this model, we have solved a class of special packing problems involving point-symmetric convex objects and have exploited it to design an efficient centroid clustering algorithm. Specifically, we describe a centroid SAHN clustering algorithm that requires 0(n ²) time, in the worst case, for fixedk and for a family of dissimilarity measures including the Manhattan, Euclidean, Chebychev and all other Minkowski metrics.This work was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

几何推理在人工智能中的应用

几何学是一门古老的,严密的和形式化的数学分支,在我们对现实世界理解中起着重要解色,本文介绍了几何推理在人工智能应用中的最新进展,并讨论几何推理的前景。     

不完全判断矩阵权值的粒子群优化算法计算

不完全判断矩阵权值求解是一个重要问题.在分析不完全判断矩阵权值求解的各种方法基础上,提出以使判断矩阵的最大特征值达到最小为目标,建立求解权值准则.给出利用粒子群优化算法解决此问题,实例表明该方法比较有效.     

培养大学生软件开发创新能力的探索与实践

高校持续扩招,计算机专业毕业生日益增多,却不能满足社会对大量高素质、具有软件开发创新能力的需要。提高所培养的计算机专业人才的软件开发创新能力,缩短就业适应周期,是摆在各高校面前亟待解决的重大问题。在教学中本文提出通过采用立体教学、过程教学和项目式教学相结合,采用导师和导生制、成立软件开发学生创新团队与社会项目接轨等多途径融合培养大学生的软件开发创新能力,并逐步形成产学研相结合的人才培养模式。