Influence of the carbon cycle on the attribution of responsibility for climate change

The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental climate change issues.Its long-term evolution largely affects the amplitude and trend of human-induced climate change,as well as the formulation and implementation of emission reduction policy and technology for stabilizing the atmospheric CO2concentration.Two earth system models incorporating the global carbon cycle,the Community Earth System Model and the Beijing Normal University-Earth System Model,were used to investigate the effect of the carbon cycle on the attribution of the historical responsibility for climate change.The simulations show that when compared with the criterion based on cumulative emissions,the developed(developing)countries’responsibility is reduced(increased)by 6%–10%using atmospheric CO2concentration as the criterion.This discrepancy is attributed to the fact that the developed world contributed approximately61%–68%(61%–64%)to the change in global oceanic(terrestrial)carbon sequestration for the period from 1850 to2005,whereas the developing world contributed approximately 32%–49%(36%–39%).Under a developed world emissions scenario,the relatively larger uptake of global carbon sinks reduced the developed countries’responsibility for carbon emissions but increased their responsibility for global ocean acidification(68%).In addition,the large emissions from the developed world reduced the efficiency of the global carbon sinks,which may affect the long-term carbon sequestration and exacerbate global warming in the future.Therefore,it is necessary to further consider the interaction between carbon emissions and the carbon cycle when formulating emission reduction policy.     

The impact of damming on geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst river

To determine the impact of damming on the geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in the Wujiang River basin, field measurements and samples were collected semimonthly for a year. The surface waters of the reservoirs contained concentrations of chlo- rophyll a up to 5.6 times higher than the upstream river. Compared with the entering waters, the contributions of HCO3- and dissolved CO2 to DIC decreased, and the contribution of CO32- to DIC and the carbon isotopic composition of DIC （δ13CDIc） increased in the surface waters of the reservoirs, while in the waters released, the DIC species showed reverse geochemical behaviors. The δ13CDIc ranged from -10.2 %o to 2.5 %0, indicating that significant contributions were from carbonate weathering, photosynthesis, and respiration. After the damming of a river, the bioactivity of phytoplankton was enhanced, and this affected the geochemistry of DIC compared to an unimpacted river and δ13CDIC can be used to discern these changes. High-frequency monitoring of river-reservoir systems is necessary to evaluate the efflux of CO2 and provide a better understanding of the carbon sinks and sources in the impounded river.     

Mesoporous carbon with large pores as anode for Na-ion batteries

Sodium ion(Na+)batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium.Herein,we report the synthesis of mesoporous carbon with large pores as anode for Na-ion batteries.The mesoporous carbon was obtained by carbonization and dense packing of 50 nm resorcinol and formaldehyde spheres synthesized through an extension Sto¨ber method.Our work demonstrates that replacement of lithium by sodium using large pore carbon as anode might offer an alternative route for rechargeable batteries.     

China＇s sizeable and uncertain carbon sink： a perspective from GOSAT

Despite the agreement that China’s terrestrial ecosystems can provide a carbon sink and offset carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from fossil fuels,the magnitude and spatial distribution of the sink remain uncertain.Accurate quantification of the carbon sequestration capacity of China’s terrestrial ecosystems has profound scientific and policy implications.Here,we report on the magnitude and patterns of China’s terrestrial carbon sink using the global monthly CO2flux data product from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite(GOSAT),the world’s first satellite dedicated to global greenhouse gas observation.We use the first year’s data from GOSAT(June 2009–May2010)that are currently available to assess China’s biospheric carbon fluxes.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink of-0.21 Pg C a-1.The consumption of fossil fuels in China leads to carbon dioxide emissions of 1.90 Pg C a-1into the atmosphere,approximately 11.1%of which is offset by China’s terrestrial ecosystems.China’s terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in offsetting fossil fuel emissions and slowing down the buildup of CO2in the atmosphere.Our analysis based on GOSAT data offers a new perspective on the magnitude and distribution of China’s carbon sink.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a sizeable and uncertain carbon sink,and further research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in its magnitude and distribution.     

Carbon dioxide: A new material for energy storage

Though carbon dioxide is the main green house gas due to burning of fossil resource or miscellaneous chemical processes,we propose here that carbon dioxide be a new material for energy storage.Since it can be the key to find the solution for three critical issues facing the world:food ecosystems,the greenhouse issue and energy storage.We propose to identify the carbon recovery through a circular industrial revolution in the first part,and in the second part we present the starting way of three business plants to do that from industrial examples.By pointing out all the economic constraints and the hidden competitions between energy,water and food,we try to qualify the phrase "sustainable development" and open the way of a huge circular economy.     

基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux系统移植研究与QoS功能实现

针对嵌入式系统应用和开发的需要,提出了在ARM嵌入式平台上移植Linux系统以及动态加载QoS模块的方法.本文在研究了Linux内核与ARM系列处理器工作原理的基础上,移植了Linux系统并设计了适用于互联网通信的QoS模块.测试分析表明,移植后的Linux系统能正常加载QoS模块,并能够良好运行在ARM平台上,证明了所提出方法的有效性.实验结果证明,该方法对其他嵌入式系统和互联网络服务质量的开发有一定的参考价值.     

海藻酸钙-活性炭固定化好氧反硝化施氏假单胞菌生物脱NO3--N的研究

以采自温州西片污水处理厂曝气池的活性污泥样品中分离获得的好氧反硝化施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas stutzeri）WZUF25研究对象,分析其在最适宜条件下在人工NO3--N污水中菌体生长和去除NO3--N进程及反硝化占总氮去除率;采用海藻酸钙-活性炭包埋法固定Pseudomonas stutzeri WZUF25,研究固定化细胞在最适宜条件下去除NO3--N进程和完整性。研究得出：Pseudomonas stutzeri WZUF25的脱 NO3--N 能力明显比目前报道的好氧反硝化菌强,其海藻酸钙-活性炭固定化细胞去除人工 NO3--N污水的过程中,固定化胶珠是完整的。     

基于PDA嵌入式GIS开发研究

本文从嵌入式GIS出发,介绍了嵌入式GIS开发的硬件和软件环境,并对一些重要的嵌入式开发工具做了一个详尽的说明。在此基础上,利用ArcPad的开发工具Application Builder定制并开发了一个简单的嵌入式GIS系统。     

Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors

Composites of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers can be prepared via chemical synthesis, electrochemical deposition on preformed carbon nanotube electrodes, or by electrochemical co-deposition. The composites combine the large pseudocapacitance of the conducting polymers with the fast charging/discharging double-layer capacitance and excellent mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-deposited composites are the most homogeneous and show an unusual interaction between the polymer and nanotubes, giving rise to a strengthened electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains. As a result they exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties and fast charge/discharge switching, making them promising electrode materials for high Dower suDercapacitors.     

室内空气质量的监测与控制系统的设计与实现

空调的普及使得无论何时都能获得相对恒温的室内环境,但伴随而来的是室内通风性差,空气质量下降,严重影响人的身心健康,因此智能地均衡室内空气质量和室内温度具有重要的意义[1].为此,提出了一项室内环境的监测与控制的智能化解决方案,该方案基于嵌入式系统、无线传感网络技术、自动化控制技术、远程管理技术.该系统使用ARM9作为主控中心,负责接收并处理ZigBee无线传感网络传输的室内环境信息、网页传输的用户远程控制命令,并通过学习型红外模块发送红外遥控命令来控制空调或排风机,达到调节室内空气质量的目的.该系统可以有效地提高室内空气质量,改善用户的生活或工作环境,消除健康隐患,提高工作效率.