Daily volatility forecasts: reassessing the performance of GARCH models

Volatility plays a key role in asset and portfolio management and derivatives pricing. As such, accurate measures and good forecasts of volatility are crucial for the implementation and evaluation of asset and derivative pricing models in addition to trading and hedging strategies. However, whilst GARCH models are able to capture the observed clustering effect in asset price volatility in‐sample, they appear to provide relatively poor out‐of‐sample forecasts. Recent research has suggested that this relative failure of GARCH models arises not from a failure of the model but a failure to specify correctly the ‘true volatility’ measure against which forecasting performance is measured. It is argued that the standard approach of using ex post daily squared returns as the measure of ‘true volatility’ includes a large noisy component. An alternative measure for ‘true volatility’ has therefore been suggested, based upon the cumulative squared returns from intra‐day data. This paper implements that technique and reports that, in a dataset of 17 daily exchange rate series, the GARCH model outperforms smoothing and moving average techniques which have been previously identified as providing superior volatility forecasts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中外股票市场风险收益的比较研究

将中国证券市场的A股、B股分别与国际上四个成熟市场的风险、收益行为进行比较，从不同的角度分析和考察我国证券市场的数量特征，以及它与国际证券市场的关系是否密切；用带有局部及全球信息变量的GARCH(1，1)实证模型检验股指收益的条件均值，发现股指波动是时变的、不均匀的．局部及全球信息变量对股指收益有一定的解释性。     

Volatility forecasting for risk management

Recent research has suggested that forecast evaluation on the basis of standard statistical loss functions could prefer models which are sub‐optimal when used in a practical setting. This paper explores a number of statistical models for predicting the daily volatility of several key UK financial time series. The out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of various linear and GARCH‐type models of volatility are compared with forecasts derived from a multivariate approach. The forecasts are evaluated using traditional metrics, such as mean squared error, and also by how adequately they perform in a modern risk management setting. We find that the relative accuracies of the various methods are highly sensitive to the measure used to evaluate them. Such results have implications for any econometric time series forecasts which are subsequently employed in financial decision making. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多元GARCH模型的可转换债券市场与股票市场的波动关系研究

可转换债券作为一种混合型的金融衍生品,已经成为金融市场中重要的组成成分,并且其市场与股票市场之间又是互相影响的,它们的共同发展对金融市场的繁荣和企业竞争力的提高方面起到了积极的推动作用.因此,对可转债市场与股票市场之间关系的实证研究具有一定的理论与现实意义.基于上证指数(000001)与上证转债指数(000139),运用BEKK形式的多元GARCH模型来实证研究可转债市场与股票市场之间的波动关系及其溢出效应.实证结果发现,这两个市场之间有正相关的关系,并且存在双向的波动溢出效应.     

中美棉花期货价格波动特征的比较研究

利用GARCH(1,1)模型和EGARCH(1,1)模型分别对中国和美国棉花期货价格的波动特征进行对比分析.结果表明,从总体看郑州和纽约棉花期货市场都具有价格波动剧烈的特点,郑州棉花期货市场收益波动不具有杠杆效应,证明中国的棉花期货市场还不够成熟.     

基于VAR-GARCH模型我国外汇风险分析

通过对美元收益率R序列的特征分析发现,序列存在非正态性、尖峰厚尾、非对称性、异方差性的特征。分别基于正态分布、T分布、GED分布和偏态T分布的GARCH类模型对R序列进行实证分析。经过VAR方法的风险度量可知,基于T分布的GARCH-M模型对多头美元市场的风险度量最为准确。     

基于GARCH模型的股市流动性风险研究

在GARCH族模型进行简单介绍的基础上,通过对中国上证综合指数及深证成分指数进行了实证分析,利用GARCH族模型对市场流动性风险进行分析,据此得出了相关结论和建议。     

Empirical Study on Long Memory Feature in Chinese Stock Market

The notion of long memory, or long-term dependence, has received considerable attention in empirical finance. While many empirical works were done on the detection of long memory in return series, very few investigations focused on the market volatility, though the long-term dependence in volatility may lead to some types of volatility persistence as observed in financial markets and affect volatility forecasts and derivative pricing formulas. So, using modified rescaled range analysis and ARFIMA model testing, this study examined long-term dependence in Chinese stock market returns and volatility. The results show that although the returns themselves contain little serial correlation, the variability of returns has significantly long-term dependence. It would be beneficial to encompass long memory structure to assess the behavior of stock prices and research on financial market theory.     

基于变换核密度估计的半参数GARCH模型

针对金融资产收益率分布呈现的尖峰、厚尾及有偏的特点,沿袭变换核密度估计的思想,提出一种广义Logistic变换,对变换后的样本应用Beta核密度估计以消除边界偏差. 模拟试验表明,该方法显著提高了对尖峰厚尾分布密度的估计精度. 继而将该方法与参数化的GARCH设定相结合,建立一种半参数GARCH模型. 该模型具有两个优点：第一,基于变换核密度估计可更加准确地估计收益率的条件分布;第二,通过迭代提高了参数估计的稳健性. 模拟试验表明,较之伪极大似然估计法和基于离散最大惩罚似然估计的半参数方法,该方法大大提高了参数估计的相对效率. 对沪深300指数的实证研究验证了本文模型的有效性.     

基于分阶段GARCH模型中国B股市场波动性比较

2001年2月19日,中国B股市场对国内居民正式开放,大量国内投资者涌入B股市场,对B股市场的风险结构产生了不可忽略的影响.对2001年2月19日前后2个阶段的深圳B股指数收益序列以及整个考察期内B股指数收益序列建立恰当的GARCH模型,比较模型的参数估计,从实证的角度证实了分阶段的合理性和必要性,同时发现中国B股市场的投资环境在逐渐变好,并且越来越遵循市场规范,正在向较成熟市场发展.