全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6958篇 |
免费 | 187篇 |
国内免费 | 594篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 108篇 |
丛书文集 | 204篇 |
教育与普及 | 1345篇 |
理论与方法论 | 210篇 |
现状及发展 | 55篇 |
综合类 | 5817篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 110篇 |
2022年 | 140篇 |
2021年 | 155篇 |
2020年 | 115篇 |
2019年 | 96篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 86篇 |
2015年 | 145篇 |
2014年 | 297篇 |
2013年 | 273篇 |
2012年 | 317篇 |
2011年 | 301篇 |
2010年 | 320篇 |
2009年 | 449篇 |
2008年 | 469篇 |
2007年 | 349篇 |
2006年 | 361篇 |
2005年 | 406篇 |
2004年 | 394篇 |
2003年 | 433篇 |
2002年 | 390篇 |
2001年 | 380篇 |
2000年 | 353篇 |
1999年 | 220篇 |
1998年 | 224篇 |
1997年 | 140篇 |
1996年 | 144篇 |
1995年 | 107篇 |
1994年 | 89篇 |
1993年 | 86篇 |
1992年 | 69篇 |
1991年 | 67篇 |
1990年 | 44篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7739条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
基因疫苗及影响其免疫效果的因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基因疫苗被视为“第3代疫苗“,是目前疫苗研究领域的热点.本文回顾了基因疫苗的诞生,阐述了其优越性,重点讨论了增强其免疫效应的策略包括合理的载体设计、细胞因子及共刺激因子与抗原的共表达及适宜的接种途径等. 相似文献
92.
HUANGShiwen ZHUORenxi 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(13):1304-1309
The gene delivery system is one of the three components of a gene medicine, which is the bottle neck of current gene therapy. Nonviral vectors offer advantages over the viral system of safety, ease of manufacturing, etc. As important nonviral vectors, polymer gene delivery systems have gained increasing attention and have begun to show increasing promising. In this review, the fundamental and recent progress of polymer-based gene delivery vectors is reviewed. 相似文献
93.
NIEYuchun KEYeyan WANGZai YUXiang DENGHongkui DINGMingxiao 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(13):1352-1357
The L protein (241kD) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the most important snbnnit of the replication complex. The existence of specific localization signal in the L protein was investigated by making recombinant constructs expressing truncated mutants of the L protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transient transfection assays. The chimeric genes encoding varied N-terminal of L and GFP gene were put under the control of T7 promoter or CMV promoter. The fusion proteins were transiently expressed in BHK-21, COS-7, CHO or Hep G2 cells. When more than 120 residues were deleted or only 96 residues were kept on the N-terminal, the fusion proteins were shown to be distributed throughout the cells, cytoplasm and nucleus under the confocal microscope. However, other chimeric proteins with 120 or more amino acids were dotted and distributed in the perinuclear regions. And the fusion protein with 96—120 aa has the similar distribution. A thirteen-residue peptide QGYSFLHEVDKEA (108—120) was identified as localization signal, whose function would be absolutely distributed with the deficiency of D or V. Our results show that there is an independent localizing signal in N-terminal domain of L protein of VSV and this functional signal is conserved in different cell lines. 相似文献
94.
WANGNing CHENXiaoguang CHENLi YAOJihua CHENHaoming SHENQi XUEJinglun 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(19):2061-2063
Human FⅨ expression vector pCMVⅨ was packaged by effectene^TM reagent and injected into mice seminiferous tubules with glass pipettes.The expressional frame of pCMVⅨ was examined by PCR and Southern blotting among 41 progenies.There were 2(4%) mice being integrated with hFⅨ gene into chromosomes.4.6ng/mL of hFⅨ protein was expressed in plasma of one mouse,which was tested by ELISA.We demonstrated that building of transgenic animals by spermatogonial stem cells is an efficient method.Meanwhile,it has also been proved to be an alternative choice for mammary gland bioreactor. 相似文献
95.
通过PCR从苋属植物千穗谷(Amarathus hypochondriacus)的总DNA中扩增出苋菜抗菌肽(Ah—AMP)的核基因片段,序列分析结果表明该基因长261bp,编码一个由86个氨基酸组成的Ah—AMP前体多肽。在构建Ah—AMP基因的植物表达载体pBinAH916后,通过根癌土壤杆菌介导方法转化了烟草。转化再生植株和T1代转基因烟草的PCR和Southern blot分析表明,AA—AMP基因已整合到烟草的染色体中,并为单拷贝整合。T1代转基因烟草的Nouthern blot分析结果表明,AA—AMP基因在转基因烟草中至少在mRNA水平上能正常表达。对T0代转基因烟草进行烟草青枯病的抗病性试验,筛选出两株抗性较强的植株。对T1代抗青枯病的统计分析发现,其抗病性比起始品种SRl分别提高了2.24和1.62个级别;其病情指数比起始品种降低49.6%和37.3%。对黑烃病也表现一定的抗性,主要表现在推迟发病时间,减缓发病速度上。这些结果表明AA—AMP基因在植物抗病基因工程研究中可能是一个有潜在应用价值的基因。 相似文献
96.
MAYewei ZHOUXiaoshan QIANXinlai ZHAOQingzheng YANGJun GAOXin LIYanchun LIUYuying WANGZheng 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(7):687-691
Adenovirus 5 type E1A as a tumor suppressor gene can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the censitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.E1A have the ability to integrate into the host genome,resulting in long-time expres-sion that induces Rb gene inactivation and animal cells im-mortalization.This prompted us to select the E1A protein for treatment of cancer in order to overcome the limitations of E1A gene therapy.Thus,we firstly comstructed E1A eu-caryotic expression vector (pPIC9/E1A),transformated the pichia pastoris yeast cells(GS115) and screened the high-expressing recombinant strains.The positive yeast strains were cultured in the shake flask,and induced for 3d.The crude E1A protein was purified using two steps of col-umu chromatography on HiTrap Q and HiTrap SP.The pu-rified E1A protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.E1A protein was mostly located at cellular unclear when Cheriot delivered E1A protein into cells.The analysis in vitro indicated that the E1A protein arrested LN686 cell cycle at G2/M phase,and significantly inhibited the growth of LN686 tumor cells.The current studies firstly provided an experimental basis to further develop E1A protein for tumor treatment. 相似文献
97.
DNA分子标记在果树上的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了在果树上常用的DNA分子标记的原理和特点,并对其在果树的分子遗传图谱和指纹图谱的构建,品种鉴别、系谱分析和分类,基因定位与分子标记辅助选择等方面的应用进行了综述。 相似文献
98.
口服转胸腺素α1基因聚球藻对小鼠T细胞亚群作用的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探讨口服后转胸腺α1(Tα1)基因聚球藻对T细胞亚群的作用,将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、野生藻组、转化藻(小剂量、中剂量和大剂量)组和日达仙组,用灌服的方式,给予空白对照组20mL·kg~(-1)的生理盐水,野生藻组0.4g·kg~(-1)的野生聚球藻;转化藻小、中、大剂量组,分别0.2g·kg~(-1)、0.4g·kg~(-1)和0.6g·kg~(-1)的转Tα1基因聚球藻;日达仙组则肌注给予3.2mg·kg~(-1)的胸腺素α1(日达仙)。结果表明转Tα1基因藻口服后可显著提高CD3亚群水平,显著提高CD4亚群水平,明显提高CD4/CD8的比值。提示转Tα1基因聚球藻具有增强机体免疫功能的作用。 相似文献
99.
鄂尔多斯蒙古族、汉族5项遗传学指标研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
调查了内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙古族(508例)、汉族(461例)人的5项头面部形态特征.5项指标是鼻梁侧面观、鼻孔形状、下颏突出度、额头发际、头发形状.调查显示:(1)这两个人群多为非凸型鼻梁、宽型鼻孔、非突型下颏、直发,额头发际有尖率与无尖率接近.(2)在内蒙古诸人群中,这两个人群凸鼻梁率低、宽型鼻孔率高、突型下颏率低、额头发际有尖率高、直发率低.(3)5项指标彼此多不相关,仅鼻梁类型与鼻孔形状相关,鼻梁类型与下颏类型相关. 相似文献
100.
针对函数优化问题,提出一种自适应变异遗传算法来提高局部搜索的能力,弥补简单遗传算法易于早熟收敛的缺陷。最后以De Jong函数为仿真对象,将此算法与其它三种遗传算法进行比较,仿真结果表明此算法对于函数优化问题非常有效,大大加快了算法的收敛速度,并大幅度提高了搜寻到最优解的概率。 相似文献