西藏马线粒体DNA D-loop区的遗传多样性

对西藏拉萨和泽当两个地区23匹西藏马的线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)部分片段进行序列分析, 检测出16个单倍型, 包括32个核苷酸多态性位点(其中转换位点31个, 缺失位点1个), 占所分析位点总数的9.27%. 单倍型多样性(h)和核苷酸多样性(π)分别为0.93±0.04和2.51%±0.16%, 表明西藏马的遗传多样性较丰富. 基于23匹西藏马序列以及现代欧亚马群的mtDNA序列, 进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 结果表明, 西藏马在母系遗传关系上与近东、 中亚以及欧洲家马有较近的亲缘关系, 与东亚的蒙古马以及韩国马亲缘关系较远.     

西藏冈底斯带构造活动的裂变径迹证据

通过裂变径迹分析对冈底期带构造作用进行定量限制。15个样品磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,冈底斯带曾经历两个构造活动期,其中南冈底期带约为37.2-18.5Ma和18.5-8Ma;中冈底斯带约为7.6-5.3Ma和5.3-0Ma,其特点是早期未发生明显的差异隆升,晚期为快速抬升期。但是,中、南冈底期带又有区别,其中查拉－甲错－日多断裂带与雅鲁藏布江断裂带类似,均有着重要控制作用。中、南冈底期带的抬升速率分别为70和180m/Ma;中冈底斯带快速抬升的起止时间均滞后于南冈底斯带。     

世界上海拔最高、线路最长的铁路——青藏铁路

青藏铁路是我国西部大开发的标志性工程，由青海省西宁市至西藏自治区拉萨市，全长1956km；其中一期工程西宁至格尔木南山口站846km，1979年建成铺通，1984年投入运营。正在修建的格尔木至拉萨段属二期工程，自格尔木起，沿青藏公路南行，经纳赤台、五道梁、沱沱河、雁石坪，翻越唐古拉山，再经西藏自治区安多、那曲、当雄、羊八井，     

西藏湖泊正构脂肪酸分布特征及对古气候重建的启示

 脂肪酸广泛存在于各种地质载体，能够记录母源生存环境的相关信息。但关于脂肪酸的具体来源及分布特征的古气候意义尚不明确，导致脂肪酸相关指标在古气候重建中的应用较少。通过分析西藏干旱-半干旱区跨越3个气候带的湖泊和水洼的表层沉积物中的正构脂肪酸，揭示中、长链及部分短链正构烷脂肪酸的来源与正构烷烃的来源有关，可以相互对比验证。建立了指标与古气候要素的相关关系，发现正构脂肪酸含量、碳优势（CPI）指标随温度升高、降水增多而升高。提出了可用于古气候重建的中链占比（R-FA）指标，R-FA与年均气温和降水量成正比。     

我国二叠纪冈瓦纳冷水相牙形刺动物群的发现

西藏冈底斯西部噶尔县狮泉河一带的昂杰组和下拉组属冈底斯地层分区申扎小区， 在昂杰组中发现了牙形刺， 依据牙形刺可以确定，昂杰组的地质时代是早二叠世晚期到中二叠世。 下拉组的地质时代可能为中二叠世， 是否存在晚二叠世的海相地层， 尚需进一步研究， 但下拉组下部可能与昂杰组的上部有些重叠。 重要的是在昂杰组发现了典型的冈瓦纳大陆边缘的冷水相牙形刺分子Vjalovognathus sp. nov. X, 这是我国二叠纪冈瓦纳冷水相牙形刺动物群的首次正式报道和描述。     

A study on environmental changes based upon cladoceran assemblages from the core sediments in Chen Co,southern Tibet

A consecutive sediment core (CC2) was drilled in Chen Co (lake) of southern Tibet using a PISTON sampler in 1998 AD. Cladoceran remains including their species,amount richness and ecological features are analyzed for the top 117 cm sections of the core, upon which 5 cladoceran assemblages are distinguished. CL0 is an assemblage without any cladocera in the depth between 117-105 cm. CL1 assemblage (depths between I01-77 cm, ca.1407-1533 AD) possesses total 9 cladoceran species that appear in the core,and performs the greatest richness in the whole sequence.This assemblage reflected that there was plenty of exotic cold water and organic debrises inputing to the sedimentary site under the warmer conditions. The lake was wide and shallow that satisfied the big hydrophyte living. Cladoceran species and richnesses of CL2 assemblage (depths between 77-29cm, ca. 1533-1831AD) perform much more decreasing than those of CLI. There was only less Chydorus sphaericus which was acclimatized to wide environmental ranges. This implied that the sedimentary environment is so execrable that most of cladoceran lost their living abilities. Compared with CL1 assemblage, CL3 assemblage (depths between 29-10 cm, ca.1831--1941 AD) possesses nearly the same dominant species but lower richnesses. Especially, the cladoceran preferring organic debris also decrease in their amounts. This meant that the surface vegetation in the drainage basin was still poor though the environment turned to be better. Except the 2 zooplankton species, the other 7 species of cladoceran in this core are found in CL4 assemblage (depths between 10-0cm, ca. 1941-1998 AD), in which the eurythermal species had not performed their competition ability comparing withnarrow-temperatures adapted species. It implied that water temperatures were stable and much more influenced by air temperatures under the shallow-water conditions. The environmental features reflected by cladocera assemblages of CC2 core are fully supported by the evidences from ostracoda assemblages, diatom-salinity transfunction, environmental magnetism and relative proxies of the parallel CC1 core. Cladoceran assemblages in the lake sediments of Tibetan Plateau are sensitive to sedimentary environment and very significant to the studies of environmental changes.     

Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sustainable Land Use in Tibet

By constructing evaluation indicator system of sustainable land use of Tibet from three aspects of ecological environment, economic development, resources and social advancement, this article studies the following contents respectively in two dimensions of time and space： the changes of sustainable land use of Tibet in recent 20 years and spatial characteristics of sustainable land use of Tibet in 2002. The following conclusions can be drawn from evaluation results .① With regard to com- prehensive evaluation value of sustainable land use, the trend of Tibet sustainable land use evaluation values from 1983 to 2002 are very close to the comprehensive evaluation values of ecological environment, which is up trend; ② sustainable utilization degree of land use in eastern region of Tibet is much higher than that of western region. ③ the sustainable land use evaluation value of Nyingtri County is the highest, and the counties with relatively higher land sustainable use values include Lhasa, Lhoka, Chamdo. While Nakchu, Ngari, Shigatse counties have the relatively lower evaluation values; ④ By analyzing each evaluation indicator＇s weight on sustainable land use, it can be concluded that the key limiting factors of sustainable Tibet land resource utilization are land desertification, grassland degradation and low economic level.