向卵母细胞注射孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞可产生遗传修饰小鼠

单倍体细胞适合进行遗传分析。最近成功通过单性生殖获得的小鼠单倍体胚胎干细胞（haESCs），使得科学家可以在哺乳动物细胞中进行基因筛选。然而，从这些haESCs产生活的动物一直没有被实现，而这是将遗传分析扩展至机体水平所需要的。     

Chinese Experts Successfully Produced Transgenic Animals from Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells

Individual animals produced by haploid stem cells are ideal models for studying recessive genes.Haploid stem cells not only can maintain haploidy,but also are capable of replicating themselves infinitely. Modified genes can be passed on to future generations through genetic engineering of haploid embryonic stem cells,which thus avoids the germlinechimerism caused by other transgenic methods and greatly improves the analysis efficiency of the function of gene modification.However,natural haploids are only re-     

蔬菜单倍体育种技术研究与应用

蔬菜单倍体育种技术研究与应用涉及的技术领域是蔬菜细胞工程育种。     

分子标记与QTL间连锁的检测与估计：Ⅱ.利用双单倍体（D…

将数量性状基因定位的“相关方法”应用到双单倍体群体，给出了适用于ＤＨ群体之标记座位与数量性状座间连锁测验的统计方法，并进而给出了生组值及其抽样误差估计的理论公式。     

由普通小麦与鸭茅状摩擦禾杂交获得小麦单倍体和杂种植株

1975年Bardclay首先报道用普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)和球茎大麦(Hordeum bulbosum)杂交后,由于在杂合子初期发育过程中父本染色体迅速完全消失,可以获得小麦单倍体。1986年以来,不同作者先后又发表了由普通小麦分别和玉米(Zea mays)、高粱(Sorghum bicdor)、珍珠粟(Pennisetum americanum)、类玉米(Zea mays ssp.mexicana)等杂交获得小麦单倍体的报道。这些杂交打破了以往小麦只能和一些小麦族(Triticeae)族内属,如黑麦属(Secale)、山羊草属(Aegilops)、偃麦草属(Elytrigia)、披碱草属(Elymus)、大麦属(Hordcum)及簇毛麦属(Haynaldia)杂交的局限,使分类距离相当远的属间杂交成为可能。但是,由这些杂交均不能获得保留外源染色体的杂种,对于通过远缘杂交将外源属的染色体或染色体片段导入小麦,用于小麦的改良和种质创新是极不利的。     

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of leafy head （lhd）, a mutant blocking the differen-tiation of rachis branches in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Flowers, fruits and seeds are products of plant re- productive development and provide the important sources of foods for humans. Therefore, the moleculargenetic mechanisms of floral development have been ahotspot of research of plant developmental biology[1]. Rice is one of the most important staple food crops. Theoutcome of its reproductive development would determine the yield and quality of grains. Rice is also a model plantof cereals. Hence, the study of rice reproductivedevelopment, esp…     

槐树花药培养并获得单倍体植株

近年来,木本植物的花药培养已取得了很大进展.由于将木本植物的单倍体细胞诱导获得纯系后,可在一两年内完成近百年中难以完成的树种纯化,从而缩短育种年限,提高育种效率,并将有利于对其遗传特性等基础问题的研究,因此,木本植物的花药培养及单倍体植株的诱导等格外受到人们的重视.至今,已从杨树、橡胶树、枳壳和枸杞等20多个树种中获得了花粉植株.槐树是我国、日本及朝鲜等国的主要行道树种之一,又是优良的蜜源植物,并可药用,其花药的组织培养及单倍体植株的获得国内外未见报道.     

光敏感核不育水稻单倍体组织培养及再生植株遗传特性…

以湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ为材料，取在长日照和短日照条件下生长的植株的花药进行培养，均有效地获得了花粉单倍体植株，该单倍体植株幼穗离体培养脱分化容易，再分化能力强，对不同培养基的反应规律同原二倍体植株幼穗离体培养基本一致，单倍体愈伤组织细胞倍性很不稳定，易自发加倍成二倍体；结合秋水仙碱处理，已获得了加倍的二倍体再生植株，这些二倍体再生植株的种子后代纯合，群体性状整齐，保持了原农垦５８Ｓ在长日     

Construction of fine SNP haplotypes and haplotype blocks in 5 genes in the centromere of chromosome 15 in Chinese Han subjects

Recent advances have shown that the majorityof the nucleotide variation in human genome is single nucleo-tide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using SNPs each chromosomecan be divided into different haplotype blocks, and there arelimited common haplotypes in each block. This provides apowerful approach for whole genome scan for disease-asso-ciated genes/variants. However, most data available todayare based on the large-scale genomic analyses, data concern-ing individual genes for fine mapping with high density SNPsare relatively lacking. We have sequenced 7 genes and theirflanking regions, identified 34 novel SNPs, constructed highdensity SNP haplotypes and haplotype blocks in 5 genes inthe centromeric region of chromosome 15 in I00 ChineseHart subjects. Our results show that there is a great hetero-geneity in the haplotypes and haplotype block structureswithin and between these genes, which are in close physicalproximity. Data obtained in this study provide a useful toolfor candidate gene approach at the fine scale for identifyingdisease contributing variants in the genes/regions.     

化学物质诱发油菜单倍体的研究

采用化学物质诱发油菜孤雌生殖单倍体,结果表明,适当的化学物质能够诱发油菜孤雌生殖单倍体。实验经过显微镜检查,发现来自甘兰型油菜（Brassica napus L.）的诱发植株,其体细胞染色体数目为19,是二倍体植株体细胞染色体数38的一半。该研究方法简单,单倍体产生频率有提高的潜力,作为作物育种的途径还可深入研究。