光照及种子大小对青藏高原东缘43种石竹目植物种子萌发特征的影响

以青藏高原东缘43种石竹目植物种子为对象,在自然光照和遮阴两种实验处理下研究了光照对种子萌发能力的影响以及不同实验处理下种子萌发能力与种子大小的关系.结果显示:整体上,全光照下的萌发开始时间和萌发持续时间显著高于遮阴下的,光照强度对萌发率和萌发速率指数没有影响;科分类水平上,不同科内萌发参数对光照强度的响应存在一定差异...     

城市街道灰尘重金属类环境激素镉污染及防治对策

通过对城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染状况、潜在危害和防治对策等进行分析研究,发现城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染的来源较复杂,镉通常呈现在汽油、润滑油、工业和焚烧炉的排放物里;城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染危害人类的身体健康,破坏生态系统;城市街道灰尘重金属镉污染研究为城市生态环境调控及城市的可持续发展提供基础资料和科学决策依据;提高人们加强防治镉污染,保护生态环境的意识.     

基于可持续发展的区域主导产业的选择

针对传统主导产业的选择较多地侧重于经济标准和指标,对社会因素和环境因素重视程度不够等问题,在可持续发展要求下,以传统经济标准和指标为基础,构建反映区域可持续发展贡献的可持续发展标准及废物利用率、水资源消耗量、煤炭资源消耗量等指标,以及反映促进社会进步情况的社会进步标准和吸纳就业人数比、人均收入占区域所有产业人均收入比等指标,体现了经济发展、环境保护与社会进步三方面的要求,并利用AHP方法建立了区域可持续发展主导产业选择模型,对陕西省工业主导产业的发展具有指导作用.     

Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants

Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 degrees C and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate. Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary history, a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change. We gathered information on species and global warming from 143 studies for our meta-analyses. These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related shift, or 'fingerprint', in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and from grasses to trees. Indeed, more than 80% of the species that show changes are shifting in the direction expected on the basis of known physiological constraints of species. Consequently, the balance of evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and plant populations. The synergism of rapid temperature rise and other stresses, in particular habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness among species and lead to a reformulation of species communities, reflecting differential changes in species, and to numerous extirpations and possibly extinctions.     

CSP生产Ti微合金化高强钢中纳米碳化物

采用光学金相、电子显微术和化学相分析的方法并结合热力学计算,分析了紧凑式带钢生产(CSP)的Ti微合金化高强钢中的析出物及其析出规律.研究发现:高强钢中存在微米尺寸的立方TiN析出和大量纳米尺寸的析出物粒子;钢中MX相(M=Ti,Mo,Cr;X=C,N)的质量分数为0.0927%,其中10 nm以下的析出物占26.9%;均热之前和均热过程TiN已基本全部析出,连轧前TiC不具备析出的热力学条件;降低钢中N和S含量、严格控制卷取温度可增加TiC的体积分数,降低γ→α相变温度可以阻止细小碳化物长大.结果表明,析出物总的沉淀强化效果约为156 MPa,并能通过化学成分和工艺的控制进一步增强.     

Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.

A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.     

中国碳纳米管领域研发能力评估

碳纳米管是国际材料科学的前沿领域之一,研究成果不断涌现,这些研究成果主要以研究论文和专利的形式出现。随着近年来中国科研实力的提升,中国科学家在碳纳米管研究领域也取得了相当突出的成绩,影响力越来越大。利用Web of Science和Derwent Aureka对2000—2009年碳纳米管相关的论文及专利进行检索分析,对我国碳纳米管领域的研发能力进行了评估。     

甲醇-汽油混合燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响

通过汽油机燃用甲醇-汽油混合燃料（其中甲醇的体积分数为109／6，汽油的体积分数为90％，简称M10燃料）和汽油的对比试验，研究了M10燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响，并用气相色谱仪测量了尾气中的甲醇和甲醛排放．试验研究表明：汽油机燃用M10燃料对汽油机动力性影响不大，但汽油机有效热效率和燃油经济性提高，排温有所降低；CO和HC排放减少，NOx排放与燃用汽油时相当；甲醇和甲醛排放增加．排气经三效催化转化器后，CO、HC和NOx排放可以被控制在与常规汽油机排放相当的水平，甲醇和甲醛排放可以被控制在接近零排放的水平．     

短小芽孢杆菌C-9葡聚糖内切酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

从短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)C-9中克隆得到葡聚糖内切酶基因,该基因包含1980 bp核苷酸,编码559个氨基酸,其N端有一个预测的29个氨基酸的信号肽序列;以YIp5质粒为骨架,构建rDNA介导的多拷贝整合载体,实现葡聚糖内切酶在酿酒酵母中的高效、稳定表达。与对照菌株相比,含有葡聚糖内切酶基因的重组酿酒酵母可以在以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的培养基上生长。