新疆甜菜上两个病毒分离物的研究

在新疆甜菜的根部和叶片分离到两种病毒分离物。回接到甜菜上均产生环斑和沿脉线纹。最后形成坏死斑。病毒粒体为20面体,平均直径28nm。除侵染甜菜外还侵染苋色藜,昆诺阿藜、番杏、菠菜等,引起局部坏死斑,在普通烟、心叶烟、菜豆、黄瓜、番茄上无症状侵染,病毒致死温度为70℃,10分钟,体外存活期13天以上,冻干病叶三年后仍有侵染力。通过PEG沉淀。差速离心,琼脂糖柱层折及蔗糖梯度离心,可得到较高浓度的纯化病毒,病毒的紫外吸收最低值在245nm,最高值在260nm。病毒外壳蛋白的分子量为54000道尔顿,病毒基因组核酸为两个组份。在琼脂双扩散实验中,能与番茄黑环病毒(TBRV)抗血清产生较弱的沉淀线,与黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),烟草坏死病毒(TMV)。烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)不发生反应,从上述结果可以初步认为这两种分离物为番茄黑环病毒侵染甜菜的一个株系。     

Comparative morphometric study of the cells of the third proximal segment of the rat kidney under different conditions of fixation.

The morphometric study of the P3 segment of rat proximal tubule has shown that neither the method of fixation, nor the fixative itself, significantly change the relative and absolute volumes of the cell compartments, provided that the fixation media are made approximately isotonic.     

Merlin--rapid analysis of dense genetic maps using sparse gene flow trees.

Efforts to find disease genes using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps will produce data sets that exceed the limitations of current computational tools. Here we describe a new, efficient method for the analysis of dense genetic maps in pedigree data that provides extremely fast solutions to common problems such as allele-sharing analyses and haplotyping. We show that sparse binary trees represent patterns of gene flow in general pedigrees in a parsimonious manner, and derive a family of related algorithms for pedigree traversal. With these trees, exact likelihood calculations can be carried out efficiently for single markers or for multiple linked markers. Using an approximate multipoint calculation that ignores the unlikely possibility of a large number of recombinants further improves speed and provides accurate solutions in dense maps with thousands of markers. Our multipoint engine for rapid likelihood inference (Merlin) is a computer program that uses sparse inheritance trees for pedigree analysis; it performs rapid haplotyping, genotype error detection and affected pair linkage analyses and can handle more markers than other pedigree analysis packages.     

Quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms

The realization of strong nonlinear interactions between individual light quanta (photons) is a long-standing goal in optical science and engineering, being of both fundamental and technological significance. In conventional optical materials, the nonlinearity at light powers corresponding to single photons is negligibly weak. Here we demonstrate a medium that is nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs while remaining transparent to single photons. The quantum nonlinearity is obtained by coherently coupling slowly propagating photons to strongly interacting atomic Rydberg states in a cold, dense atomic gas. Our approach paves the way for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching, all-optical deterministic quantum logic and the realization of strongly correlated many-body states of light.     

A first-generation linkage disequilibrium map of human chromosome 22

DNA sequence variants in specific genes or regions of the human genome are responsible for a variety of phenotypes such as disease risk or variable drug response. These variants can be investigated directly, or through their non-random associations with neighbouring markers (called linkage disequilibrium (LD)). Here we report measurement of LD along the complete sequence of human chromosome 22. Duplicate genotyping and analysis of 1,504 markers in Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) reference families at a median spacing of 15 kilobases (kb) reveals a highly variable pattern of LD along the chromosome, in which extensive regions of nearly complete LD up to 804 kb in length are interspersed with regions of little or no detectable LD. The LD patterns are replicated in a panel of unrelated UK Caucasians. There is a strong correlation between high LD and low recombination frequency in the extant genetic map, suggesting that historical and contemporary recombination rates are similar. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing genome-wide maps of LD.     

Fe￣（2＋）还原废蓄电池泥渣中PbO＿2的试验研究

讨论了ＰｂＯ＿２还原过程的热力学问题，并对ＦｅＳＯ＿４＋Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４还原转化剂处理废蓄电池泥渣中ＰｂＯ＿２及Ｐｂ过程进行了试验研究，热力学分析及试验结果表明：本研究的还原剂将ＰｂＯ＿２和Ｐｂ还原转化为ＰｂＳＯ＿４的热力学推动力大，反应速度快，工艺过程稳定以及Ｐｂ回收率高。