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151.
Zarivach R Deng W Vuckovic M Felise HB Nguyen HV Miller SI Finlay BB Strynadka NC 《Nature》2008,453(7191):124-127
During infection by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, the type III secretion system (T3SS) is assembled to allow for the direct transmission of bacterial virulence effectors into the host cell. The T3SS system is characterized by a series of prominent multi-component rings in the inner and outer bacterial membranes, as well as a translocation pore in the host cell membrane. These are all connected by a series of polymerized tubes that act as the direct conduit for the T3SS proteins to pass through to the host cell. During assembly of the T3SS, as well as the evolutionarily related flagellar apparatus, a post-translational cleavage event within the inner membrane proteins EscU/FlhB is required to promote a secretion-competent state. These proteins have long been proposed to act as a part of a molecular switch, which would regulate the appropriate chronological secretion of the various T3SS apparatus components during assembly and subsequently the transported virulence effectors. Here we show that a surface type II beta-turn in the Escherichia coli protein EscU undergoes auto-cleavage by a mechanism involving cyclization of a strictly conserved asparagine residue. Structural and in vivo analysis of point and deletion mutations illustrates the subtle conformational effects of auto-cleavage in modulating the molecular features of a highly conserved surface region of EscU, a potential point of interaction with other T3SS components at the inner membrane. In addition, this work provides new structural insight into the distinct conformational requirements for a large class of self-cleaving reactions involving asparagine cyclization. 相似文献
152.
Christian Feißt Carlo Pergola Marija Rakonjac Antonietta Rossi Andreas Koeberle Gabriele Dodt Marika Hoffmann Christina Hoernig Lutz Fischer Dieter Steinhilber Lutz Franke Gisbert Schneider Olof Rådmark Lidia Sautebin Oliver Werz 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(16):2759-2771
We previously showed that, in vitro, hyperforin from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that hyperforin possesses
a novel and unique molecular pharmacological profile as a 5-LO inhibitor with remarkable efficacy in vivo. Hyperforin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed leukotriene B4 formation in pleural exudates of carrageenan-treated rats associated with potent anti-inflammatory effectiveness. Inhibition
of 5-LO by hyperforin, but not by the iron-ligand type 5-LO inhibitor BWA4C or the nonredox-type inhibitor ZM230487, was abolished
in the presence of phosphatidylcholine and strongly reduced by mutation (W13A-W75A-W102A) of the 5-LO C2-like domain. Moreover,
hyperforin impaired the interaction of 5-LO with coactosin-like protein and abrogated 5-LO nuclear membrane translocation
in ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils, processes that are typically mediated via the regulatory 5-LO C2-like domain. Together,
hyperforin is a novel type of 5-LO inhibitor apparently acting by interference with the C2-like domain, with high effectiveness
in vivo. 相似文献
153.
154.
J. Mimić-Oka I. Japundžić M. Japundžić 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1972,28(10):1160-1161
Résumé Le pentobarbital provoque un accroissement important de l'activité de la phosphoprotein-phosphatase extramicrosomiale du foie du rat. L'accroissement de l'activité de l'enzyme se produit dejà 20 min après l'administration du médicament (+40%) et dure autant que le traitement (+50–70%). Le niveau de l'induction dépend de la dose du pentobarbital. L'induction est bloquée par l'administration simultanée du cycloheximide ou du SKF 525-A. 相似文献
155.
M. Marušić 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1979,35(5):683-684
Summary Immunological functions of lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells recover after 5–6 weeks. In mice that had been thymectomized before irradiation and reconstitution, T-cell function is deficient but the B-cell function is preserved.Supported by subcontract No. 3322 from the Biology Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory of the University of Tennessee, and by the Fulbright-Hays Program. Present address: Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty ofOperated by the Union Carbide Corporation for the Department of Energy. 相似文献
156.
S. Pajović Z. S. Saičić M. B. Spasić V. M. Petrović J. V. Martinović 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1996,52(3):221-224
The activities of mitochondrial, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and cytoplasmic, copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) were measured in subcellular fractions of whole brain homogenates prepared from intact and gonadectomized (GDX) male rats, untreated or treated subcutaneously (sc) with a single dose of 2 mg progesterone (P) and/or 5 g estradiol benzoate (EB). Neither MnSOD nor CuZnSOD was affected by the removal of the testes. Similarly, CuZnSOD activity was steady following systemic administration of P and/or EB to intact and GDX animals 2 h or 24 h prior to sacrifice. On the other hand, both P and EB suppressed MnSOD in the brain of either intact or GDX rats. These results suggest involvement of P and EB in the control of MnSOD activity in the brain of male rats. 相似文献
157.
A. Marušić I. Dikić S. Vukičević M. Marušić 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1992,48(8):783-785
Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) initiates a sequence of developmental events which culminate in endochondral bone formation. To test the effects of T-cell deficiency on new bone formation, the morphology of DBM-induced bone was examined in rats thymectomized at three weeks of age and in thymectomized or nonthymectomized rats lethally irradiated and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow. At 24 days after implantation, bone induction in control rats was appropriate for their age, while thymectomized-irradiated-reconstituted rats and thymectomized rats had significantly more new bone and larger bone marrow space than the controls. In non-thymectomized, irradiated and reconstituted rats, bone induction occurred in only 25% of the animals, compared to 95% in other groups. 相似文献
158.
Darinka Koraćević Vidosava Djordjević 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1977,33(8):1010-1011
Summary Trypsin causes an activation of serine sulfhydrase in the liver extracts from intact animals, but inhibits enzyme activity in the liver of ethionine treated rats. Trypsin also decreases an elevation of serine sulfhydrase activity caused by S-adenosylmethionine.This work was supported by the Serbian Medical Research Foundation. 相似文献
159.
Petar V. Grujić 《Foundations of Science》2007,12(1):39-83
We discuss a number of fundamental aspects of modern cosmological concepts, from the phenomenological, observational, theoretical
and epistemic points of view. We argue that the modern cosmology, despite a great advent, in particular in the observational
sector, is yet to solve important problems, posed already by the classical times. In particular the stress is put on discerning
the scientific features of modern cosmological paradigms from the more speculative ones, with the latter immersed in some
aspects deeply into mythological world picture. We finally discuss the principal paradigms, which are present in the modern
cosmological studies and evaluate their epistemic merits. 相似文献
160.
Summary An attempt has been made to systematize the phenomena which are included by the term of Becquerel's effect.Becquerel's photogalvanic effect has been thoroughly investigated on systems composed of organic redox-dyes and organic acceptors, especially regarding the speed of changes in potential and the influence of reducing and oxidizing agents. Possibilities of increasing and stabilizing the electromotor forces of the investigated photogalvanic cells have been ascertained. It has been proved that the well known rules governing inhibition of chemical reaction apply to the investigated systems. 相似文献