Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry

The initiation of male development in mammals requires one or more genes on the Y chromosome. A recently isolated gene, termed SRY in humans and Sry in mouse, has many of the genetic and biological properties expected of a Y-located testis-determining gene. It is now shown that Sry on a 14-kilobase genomic DNA fragment is sufficient to induce testis differentiation and subsequent male development when introduced into chromosomally female mouse embryos.     

用具有零权的平差方法求解秩亏自由网的研究

以秩亏自由网平差的法方程系数阵的特征根作为虚拟权 ,构造两组虚拟误差方程 ,其中一组具有零权 ,从而用具有零权的平差思想 ,导出求解秩亏自由网待估参数平差值及其协因数的公式 ,并指出 ,此结果与用主成分估计法求解秩亏自由网的结果完全一致。     

基于遗传算法的模糊聚类方法

针对模糊c 均值算法容易收敛于局部极小点的缺陷 ,将遗传算法应用于模糊c 均值算法的优化计算中 .算法采用实数编码 ,提高了试验精度 .实验证明基于遗传算法的模糊聚类方法能够在一定程度上克服初值的影响 ,跳出局部极小点 ,在大样本的聚类方面有较大的优势 .     

一个虚拟手原型的实现

以５ＤＴ 公司生产的数据手套作为手势输入设备,开发了一个虚拟手原型．它以手的运动学模型为基础,采用层次结构法构造手的几何模型,极大地方便了虚拟手的图形显示和实时更新的实现．根据人手的运动约束关系得到各关节弯曲角度的相对比例关系,就能从数据手套得到的７ 个传感数据获得整个手的运动情况,并用静态碰撞检测法处理虚拟手与其他物体的碰撞检测,在运行期间不断地对用户手势进行手势映射计算找到最匹配的手势,执行与该手势对应的动作．本原型简单易行,便于增加手势,最后给出了实现结果．     

灯盏乙素对大鼠肝线粒体氧化损伤的抑制作用

运用Fe^2 -Vc损伤体系诱导大鼠肝线粒体氧化损伤，并研究了灯盏乙素的抑制作用，采用分光光度法测定脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）含量，膜蛋白巯基含量及线粒体肿胀度，利用荧光染料Rhodamine123对线粒体进行标记，跟踪线粒体膜电位的变化，研究发现20－50μmol/L的灯盏乙素能抑制MDA的生成并促使膜巯基含量下降，对线粒体肿胀和膜电位的降低都有一定的抑制作用，并呈剂量依赖关系，结果表明灯盏乙素是一种有效的抗氧化剂，能抑制活性氧诱导的线粒体氧化损伤。μ     

Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity

Contributing roughly half of the biosphere's net primary production (NPP), photosynthesis by oceanic phytoplankton is a vital link in the cycling of carbon between living and inorganic stocks. Each day, more than a hundred million tons of carbon in the form of CO2 are fixed into organic material by these ubiquitous, microscopic plants of the upper ocean, and each day a similar amount of organic carbon is transferred into marine ecosystems by sinking and grazing. The distribution of phytoplankton biomass and NPP is defined by the availability of light and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphate, iron). These growth-limiting factors are in turn regulated by physical processes of ocean circulation, mixed-layer dynamics, upwelling, atmospheric dust deposition, and the solar cycle. Satellite measurements of ocean colour provide a means of quantifying ocean productivity on a global scale and linking its variability to environmental factors. Here we describe global ocean NPP changes detected from space over the past decade. The period is dominated by an initial increase in NPP of 1,930 teragrams of carbon a year (Tg C yr(-1)), followed by a prolonged decrease averaging 190 Tg C yr(-1). These trends are driven by changes occurring in the expansive stratified low-latitude oceans and are tightly coupled to coincident climate variability. This link between the physical environment and ocean biology functions through changes in upper-ocean temperature and stratification, which influence the availability of nutrients for phytoplankton growth. The observed reductions in ocean productivity during the recent post-1999 warming period provide insight on how future climate change can alter marine food webs.     

基于H263/TMN8的前后景码率分配及控制

在H263ZI‘MN8的控制技术基础上,提出可控的前后景码率分配算法、前景区优先编码策略以及优化的量化编码次序．可以仅使用一个控制参数来控制前后景的码率分配,并且编码后码流仍符合标准I-t263码流．试验结果表明,该算法在低比特率的情况下视频图像的主观质量要优于TMN8,非常适合窄信道视频通信的应用．     

基于互联网的过程控制系统的安全性设计

分析了远程控制系统安全性设计要解决的两个方面问题：为防止未授权用户恶意破坏控制系统,提出了对付网络入侵者恶意操作控制系统的安全措施;为保证实时数据传输的快速性和安全性,将高级数据加密标准AES与网络通信加密协议SSL相结合,实现了适合于实时控制系统的数据加密算法,并通过测量实时数据加密传输的网络时延来验证该算法的有效性．     

Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability

Systematic climate shifts have been linked to multidecadal variability in observed sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean. These links are extensive, influencing a range of climate processes such as hurricane activity and African Sahel and Amazonian droughts. The variability is distinct from historical global-mean temperature changes and is commonly attributed to natural ocean oscillations. A number of studies have provided evidence that aerosols can influence long-term changes in sea surface temperatures, but climate models have so far failed to reproduce these interactions and the role of aerosols in decadal variability remains unclear. Here we use a state-of-the-art Earth system climate model to show that aerosol emissions and periods of volcanic activity explain 76 per cent of the simulated multidecadal variance in detrended 1860-2005 North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. After 1950, simulated variability is within observational estimates; our estimates for 1910-1940 capture twice the warming of previous generation models but do not explain the entire observed trend. Other processes, such as ocean circulation, may also have contributed to variability in the early twentieth century. Mechanistically, we find that inclusion of aerosol-cloud microphysical effects, which were included in few previous multimodel ensembles, dominates the magnitude (80 per cent) and the spatial pattern of the total surface aerosol forcing in the North Atlantic. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic aerosol emissions influenced a range of societally important historical climate events such as peaks in hurricane activity and Sahel drought. Decadal-scale model predictions of regional Atlantic climate will probably be improved by incorporating aerosol-cloud microphysical interactions and estimates of future concentrations of aerosols, emissions of which are directly addressable by policy actions.     

Optical properties of NdxGd1−xAl3(BO3)4 crystal

The optical properties of Nd x Gd 1-x Al\-3(BO\-3)\-4 (NGAB) crystal are reported. The refractive index of it were mesured by V_prism method. The absorption spectra and the flourescence specra of NGAB were also obtained. The optical parameters of NGAB were calculated following J_O theory, the three optical parameters are Ω 2 =1 805×10 -20 , Ω 4=1 85×10 -20 , Ω 6=3 793×10 -20 (RMS=1 4×10 -7 ) and β c( 4F 3/2 → 4I 11/2 ) is about 0 53.