Capybaras (Rodentia: Cavidae) in highlands: environmental variables related to distribution,and herbivory effects on a common plant species

The capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris is one of the largest and most widely distributed herbivores in the Neotropical lowlands. However, as yet, there are no records of its occurrence in highland environments. Our aim was to evaluate the environmental variables related to the capybara’s distribution and monitor the effects of its herbivory on the individuals and on the reproductive phenology of A. polyanthus, a common and important plant species of the high-altitude grasslands. Our results show that capybaras frequently occur in the high-altitude grasslands along the Campo Belo River, but they avoid waterlogged areas, occurring more frequently on the dry rocky areas. Capybara herbivory affected the number of A. polyanthus rosettes in flower, leading to the presence of inflorescence formation anomalies. High-altitude grasslands apparently provide capybaras with the three main components (food, shelter and water) required for their occurrence. However, although they seem to present a seasonal feeding strategy, which also happens in lowlands, their avoidance of the waterlogged areas suggests that in highlands the species may present different environmental preferences from those presented in lowlands. In addition, the impact of capybaras’ herbivory on A. polyanthus individuals indicates the potential impact that capybaras can represent on the plant community of the high-altitude grasslands. This appears to be a great opportunity to study the effect of the arrival of a large herbivore in a new environment and possible impacts on plant assemblages.     

Lattice Solid/Boltzmann Microscopic Model to Simulate Solid/Fluid Systems-A Tool to Study Creation of Fluid Flow Networks for Viable Deep Geothermal Energy

SUMMARY:Realizing the potential of geothermal energy as a cheap, green, sustainable resource to provide for the planet’s future energy demands that a key geophysical problem be solved first:how to deve...     

电磁环境数据场多频段绘制算法

针对现有电磁环境绘制研究中未考虑频段信息的情况,提出了一种多频段电磁环境绘制算法。基于光线投射算法实现,对传递函数进行了多频段设计,各频段颜色可以交互设置,同时定义了频段颜色增强因子,能够提高不同频段的颜色对比效果。最后,在统一计算设备架构下并行实现本算法,完成了实时交互的多频段电磁环境绘制。实验证明该算法能够方便、有效的展示电磁环境的频段信息,同时用户可以交互控制绘制及频段对比结果,便于观察和理解电磁环境。     

Comparison of breeding biology aspects of Fluvicola nengeta (Aves: Tyrannidae) between two nesting sites

Fluvicola nengeta is an insectivorous bird that belongs to the Tyrannidae family, which lives close to bodies of water and can occur in urban areas as well. It makes use of natural and man-made substrates to build its nests. This study aims at describing the reproductive biology of F. nengeta by comparing nests built on vegetation and man-made structures as to their shapes, nest dimensions, building materials, distance from bodies of water and reproductive success. Forty-four nests were found, where 30 were located in vegetation and 14 on man-made structures. Nests did not exhibit any single pattern and were divided into three distinct shapes: closed/globular/base; closed/ovoid/base (45.5%; n = 5 for both) and low cup/base (9%; n = 1). Nests built on man-made structures exhibited a larger amount of anthropic material, such as plastic and paper, instead of plant-derived materials. Nests on man-made structures were found to be higher up from the ground (459.8 ± 46.9 m) and farther from water (232.9 ± 54.8 m) in comparison to those on vegetation (92.2 ± 28.6 m and 7.3 ± 4.7 m, respectively), aside from exhibiting a higher Mayfield reproductive success (37%) when compared to nests built on vegetation (34%). The estimated values of the daily survival rate (DSR) for vegetation nests were 0.997 for the incubation period and 0.928 for the nestling period. In man-made structure nests, DSRs were 0.968 and 0.964, respectively, during the incubation and nestling periods. The period survival rate (PSR) of nests in vegetation was significantly higher than the PSRs of nests in man-made structures during the incubation period. DSRs did not differ between incubation and nestling periods for either nesting sites.     

异构计算的一种可移植编程模型及实现

介绍了异构计算的一种编程模型．该模型处理的对象是任意非一致的求解任务映射到任意非一致的系统结构上．文中分别给出了任务图的分簇算法,系统图的分簇算法和映射算法及实例．利用该模型可设计出可移植的并行程序,然后调度到可动态配置的异构计算机组织上运行     

中国石龙子消化道内容物中微生物的初步研究

从中国石龙子（Ｅｕｍｅｃｅｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胃、小肠和大肠中分离出的细菌包括枸橼酸杆菌属的弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌（Ｃｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｉ）和异型枸橼酸杆菌（Ｃｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｕｓ）、变形杆菌属的奇异变形杆菌（Ｐｒｏｔｅｕｓ ｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ）、肠杆菌属的阴沟肠杆菌（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｃｌｏａｃａｅ）、芽孢杆菌属的枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）、葡萄球菌属的表皮葡萄球菌（Ｓｔａｐｈｔｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｅｐｉｄｅｒｍｉｄｉｓ）和类杆菌属普通类杆菌（Ｂａｃｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ ｖｕｌｑａｔｕｓ）．细菌在胃、小肠和大肠中分布数量为３．４２ｘ１０~６、２． ０４ ｘ １０~６和 １． １１ｘ １０~９．弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌为优势菌群．分离出的霉菌属于青霉属（Ｐｅｎｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ）、曲霉属（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ）和毛孢子菌属（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓｐｏｒｏｎ）,主要是青霉属。在胃、小肠和大肠中霉菌的数量分别是２．１９ｘ１０~４、１．６７ｘ１０~４和１．６１ｘ１０~４,酵母菌和放线菌都未发现．     

添加碱金属氯化物的聚乙烯醇改性膜用于水乙醇渗透汽化分离

用碱金属氯化物对聚乙烯醇进行改性制得渗透汽化膜,并用于水乙醇渗透汽化分离．热分析结果表明：盐的加入增加了膜的热稳定性．膜的溶胀度的测试结果表明：随浸泡液中水含量增加,膜的溶胀度增大．渗透汽化结果表明：膜中含盐量对膜渗透汽化性能影响很大     

环（L-丙-L-脯）二肽的合成

以L-(+)-丙氨酸和N-叔丁氧羰基-L-(+)-脯氨酸为原料,分别经中和、缩合、脱保护、环化反应后,以65.3%的总产率合成得到了新型催化剂环(L-丙-L-脯)二肽,结构经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、元素分析等表征.     

Points of View Beyond Models: Towards a Formal Approach to Points of View as Access to the World

According to Vázquez and Liz (Found Sci 16(4): 383–391, 2011), Points of View (PoV) can be considered in two different ways. On the one hand, they can be explained following the model of propositional attitudes. This model assumes that the internal structure of a PoV is constituted by a subject, a set of contents, and a set of relations between the subject and those contents. On the other hand, we can analyze points of view taking as a model the notions of location and access. If we choose to follow the second approach, instead of the first one, the internal structure of a PoV is not directly addressed, and the emphasized features of PoV are related to the function that PoV are intended to have. That is, PoV are directly identified by their role and they can solely be understood as ways of accessing the world that bring some kind of perspective about it. Having this in mind, we would like to propose a notation that explains how to understand such access as a sort of models (that can allow the creation of concepts), independently of whether the precise PoV under consideration is impersonal or non-impersonal, its kind of content, and its subjective or objective character. First, we will present an account of some previous approaches to the study of points of view. Then, we will analyze what kind of structure the world is assumed to posses and how the access to it is possible. Third, we will develop a notation that explains PoV as qualitative dimensions by means of which it is possible to valuate objects and states of the world.