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王斌君 《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,28(3):193-197
将软件维护的方法和技术划分为方法级、源代码级和目标代码级等3个层次,并给出了可在目标代码级支持软件动态维护的软件的体系结构。 相似文献
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段新文 《青海师范大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(4):14-17
对同一逻辑门电路,既可采用正逻辑体制,亦可采用负逻辑体制,还可采秀混和逻辑体制,选用何种逻辑体制,应视分析和设计逻辑电路的方便与否而定。 相似文献
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The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Dean RA Talbot NJ Ebbole DJ Farman ML Mitchell TK Orbach MJ Thon M Kulkarni R Xu JR Pan H Read ND Lee YH Carbone I Brown D Oh YY Donofrio N Jeong JS Soanes DM Djonovic S Kolomiets E Rehmeyer C Li W Harding M Kim S Lebrun MH Bohnert H Coughlan S Butler J Calvo S Ma LJ Nicol R Purcell S Nusbaum C Galagan JE Birren BW 《Nature》2005,434(7036):980-986
Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome encodes a large and diverse set of secreted proteins, including those defined by unusual carbohydrate-binding domains. This fungus also possesses an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors, several new virulence-associated genes and large suites of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Consistent with a role in fungal pathogenesis, the expression of several of these genes is upregulated during the early stages of infection-related development. The M. grisea genome has been subject to invasion and proliferation of active transposable elements, reflecting the clonal nature of this fungus imposed by widespread rice cultivation. 相似文献
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Migratory animals capable of navigating to a specific destination, and of compensating for an artificial displacement into unfamiliar territory, are thought to have a compass for maintaining their direction of travel and a map sense that enables them to know their location relative to their destination. Compasses are based on environmental cues such as the stars, the Sun, skylight polarization and magnetism, but little is known about the sensory mechanism responsible for the map sense. Here we show that the green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) has a map that is at least partly based on geomagnetic cues. 相似文献
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Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta6-mediated TGF-beta activation causes Mmp12-dependent emphysema 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Morris DG Huang X Kaminski N Wang Y Shapiro SD Dolganov G Glick A Sheppard D 《Nature》2003,422(6928):169-173
Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface proteins that regulate cell growth, migration and survival. We have shown previously that the epithelial-restricted integrin alpha(v)beta6 has another critical function; that is, it binds and activates latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Through a global analysis of pulmonary gene expression in the lungs of mice lacking this integrin (Itgb6 null mice) we have identified a marked induction of macrophage metalloelastase (Mmp12)--a metalloproteinase that preferentially degrades elastin and has been implicated in the chronic lung disease emphysema. Here we report that Itgb6-null mice develop age-related emphysema that is completely abrogated either by transgenic expression of versions of the beta6 integrin subunit that support TGF-beta activation, or by the loss of Mmp12. Furthermore, we show that the effects of Itgb6 deletion are overcome by simultaneous transgenic expression of active TGF-beta1. We have uncovered a pathway in which the loss of integrin-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta causes age-dependent pulmonary emphysema through alterations of macrophage Mmp12 expression. Furthermore, we show that a functional alteration in the TGF-beta activation pathway affects susceptibility to this disease. 相似文献
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陈德安 《天津理工大学学报》1991,(1)
本文针对现行质量控制中以“3σ”作为控制图控制界限的方法,以X—R控制图为例,通过对控制图控制界限(K)与两类错误(α和β)发生的概率及其损失费用的分析,提出了最优控制界限的观点,建立了两类错误损失费用的数学模型,给出了主要研究过程和最优控制界限(K)的算式,并对其结果的一般性和优化性做了进一步的讨论和研究。最后,文章通过实例对其优化结果和“3σ”法的结果进行了比较和分析,以说明其优化性。 相似文献