Blockade of ovulation after atropine implants in the lateral hypothalamus of the rat

Résumé Des implantations d'atropine dans l'hypothalamus antérieur et latéral de la rate provoquent un diestrus prolongé et une diminution du poids de l'ovaire sans réponse utérine au déciduome traumatique. On conclut que l'atropine agit sur des voies colinérgiques en relation avec la sécrétion des gonadotrophines.

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This work was presented in part at the Third Latin American Meeting on Research in Human Reproduction (ALIRH) 1968 (Salvador, Bahia, Brasil).     

Serotonin inhibition of liver mitochondria swellingin vitro

Riassunto È stato studiato l'effetto della serotonina sul rigonfiamento dei mitocondriin vitro: si è trovato che la serotonina protegge i mitocondri dal rigonfiamento spontaneo che si ha quando vengono sospesi in soluzione isotonica di saccarosio.     

Inhibition of acute inflammation by hyperlipemia

Zusammenfassung Experimentell wurde an R-Amsterdam-Ratten gezeigt, dass Triglyceride (Oleum helianthi und Lipofundin^®) die von Dextran und Carrageenin hervorgerufene akute Entzündung hemmen können, dass dies von der Triglycerid-Dosis abhängt und mit dem Serum-Triglycerid-Spiegel parallel läuft.     

Effect of choline salicylates and some other analogues of salicylic acid on the replication of EMC virus in vitro

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine 90–99,9%ige Hemmung in vitro der Replikation des EMC-Virus durch 0,5–2 m molare Lösungen folgender Salicylsäurederivate festgestellt: Cholinsalicylat, Cholinacetoxysalicylat und der Natriumsalze von 2-Merkaptobenzoesäure, Salicylsäure sowie Acetylsalicylsäure. Ferner wurde eine etwa 70%ige Hemmung des Natriumsalzes der Sulphosalicylsäure, des Cholin-p-chlorobenzoates, sowie des Cholin-o-chlorobenzoates beobachtet. Cholin-p-oxybenzoat und Cholin-p-acetoxybenzoat zeigten hingegen keine Hemmungsaktivität.

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Acknowledgements: We are indebted to Drs. Z.Macho and T.Zawisza from the Department of Synthesis of Drugs, School of Medicine, Wroclaw, for donating of choline salicylates and other derivatives of benzoyl-choline⁶.     

Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins: a core sensing element in prokaryotes and archaea

Chemotaxis is the directed motility by means of which microbes sense chemical cues and relocate towards more favorable environments. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) are the most common receptors in bacteria and archaea. They are arranged as trimers of dimers that, in turn, form hexagonal arrays in the cytoplasmic membrane or in the cytoplasm. Several different classes of MCPs have been identified according to their ligand binding region and membrane topology. MCPs have been further classified based on the length and sequence conservation of their cytoplasmic domains. Clusters of membrane-embedded MCPs often localize to the poles of the cell, whereas cytoplasmic MCPs can be targeted to the poles or distributed throughout the cell body. MCPs play an important role in cell survival, pathogenesis, and biodegradation. Bacterial adaptation to diverse environmental conditions promotes diversity among the MCPs. This review summarizes structure, classification, and structure–activity relationship of the known MCP receptors, with a brief overview of the signal transduction mechanisms in bacteria and archaea.     

Sexual dimorphism in contraction properties and fibre of the flexor carpi radialis muscle of the frog (Rana temporaria L.)

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Sexualdimorphismus beim Daumenbeugemuskel (m. flexor carpi radialis) des Frosches (Rana temporaria L.) mit Bezug auf das Kontraktionsverhalten, wie auch in histochemischer Richtung, festgestellt. Kontraktions- und Relaxationszeit sind bei männlichen Muskeln veralaugsamt mit entsprechender ATPase-Aktivität. Saionbedingte, geschlechtstypische Testosteronkonzentrationen stehen damit im Zusammenhang.     

Mutations in the gene encoding the 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

TREX1 acts in concert with the SET complex in granzyme A-mediated apoptosis, and mutations in TREX1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and familial chilblain lupus. Here, we report monoallelic frameshift or missense mutations and one 3' UTR variant of TREX1 present in 9/417 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus but absent in 1,712 controls (P = 4.1 x 10(-7)). We demonstrate that two mutant TREX1 alleles alter subcellular targeting. Our findings implicate TREX1 in the pathogenesis of SLE.     

A variant of the gene encoding leukotriene A4 hydrolase confers ethnicity-specific risk of myocardial infarction

Variants of the gene ALOX5AP (also known as FLAP) encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein are known to be associated with risk of myocardial infarction. Here we show that a haplotype (HapK) spanning the LTA4H gene encoding leukotriene A4 hydrolase, a protein in the same biochemical pathway as ALOX5AP, confers modest risk of myocardial infarction in an Icelandic cohort. Measurements of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production suggest that this risk is mediated through upregulation of the leukotriene pathway. Three cohorts from the United States also show that HapK confers a modest relative risk (1.16) in European Americans, but it confers a threefold larger risk in African Americans. About 27% of the European American controls carried at least one copy of HapK, as compared with only 6% of African American controls. Our analyses indicate that HapK is very rare in Africa and that its occurrence in African Americans is due to European admixture. Interactions with other genetic or environmental risk factors that are more common in African Americans are likely to account for the greater relative risk conferred by HapK in this group.