西秦岭黄土的形成时代及与物源区关系探讨

磁性地层学研究表明西秦岭黄土的形年代为约为０．８Ｍａ,其物质可能主要来自邻近的青藏高原,指示青高原此时大气环流和地表环境可能产生急剧的变化。     

On the Identifiability in the Latent Budget Model

end-member model . A major drawback of the latent budget model is that, in general, the model is not identifiable, which complicates the interpretation of the model considerably. This paper studies the geometry and identifiability of the latent budget model. Knowledge of the geometric structure of the model is used to specify an appropriate criterion to identify the model. The results are illustrated by an empirical data set.     

Mice lacking the folic acid-binding protein Folbp1 are defective in early embryonic development.

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the occurrence of several human congenital malformations, including craniofacial, heart and neural tube defects. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, there may be a maternal-to-fetal folate-transport defect or an inherent fetal biochemical disorder that is neutralized by supplementation. Previous experiments have identified a folate-binding protein (Folbp1) that functions as a membrane receptor to mediate the high-affinity internalization and delivery of folate to the cytoplasm of the cell. In vitro, this receptor facilitates the accumulation of cellular folate a thousand-fold relative to the media, suggesting that it may be essential in cytoplasmic folate delivery in vivo. The importance of an adequate intracellular folate pool for normal embryogenesis has long been recognized in humans and experimental animals. To determine whether Folbp1 is involved in maternal-to-fetal folate transport, we inactivated Folbp1 in mice. We also produced mice lacking Folbp2, another member of the folate receptor family that is GPI anchored but binds folate poorly. Folbp2-/- embryos developed normally, but Folbp1-/- embryos had severe morphogenetic abnormalities and died in utero by embryonic day (E) 10. Supplementing pregnant Folbp1+/- dams with folinic acid reversed this phenotype in nullizygous pups. Our results suggest that Folbp1 has a critical role in folate homeostasis during development, and that functional defects in the human homologue (FOLR1) of Folbp1 may contribute to similar defects in humans.     

Accretion of low-metallicity gas by the Milky Way

Models of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way suggest that the observed abundances of elements heavier than helium ('metals') require a continuous infall of gas with metallicity (metal abundance) about 0.1 times the solar value. An infall rate integrated over the entire disk of the Milky Way of approximately 1 solar mass per year can solve the 'G-dwarf problem'--the observational fact that the metallicities of most long-lived stars near the Sun lie in a relatively narrow range. This infall dilutes the enrichment arising from the production of heavy elements in stars, and thereby prevents the metallicity of the interstellar medium from increasing steadily with time. However, in other spiral galaxies, the low-metallicity gas needed to provide this infall has been observed only in associated dwarf galaxies and in the extreme outer disk of the Milky Way. In the distant Universe, low-metallicity hydrogen clouds (known as 'damped Ly alpha absorbers') are sometimes seen near galaxies. Here we report a metallicity of 0.09 times solar for a massive cloud that is falling into the disk of the Milky Way. The mass flow associated with this cloud represents an infall per unit area of about the theoretically expected rate, and approximately 0.1-0.2 times the amount required for the whole Galaxy.     

Mechanism of action of cocaine and amphetamine in the brain

Zusammenfassung Die Ähnlichkeit der zentral stimulierenden Wirkung des Kokains und des Benzedrins wurde besprochen und weiter untersucht. An mit Reserpin vorbehandelten Mäusen wurde die Wirkung des Benzedrins nicht geändert; die Wirkung des Kokains aber wurde völlig blockiert.Aus diesen Befunden wurde geschlossen, dass die psychomotorischen Stimulantien oder Weckamine in zwei Klassen eingeteilt werden können. Klasse I: Substanzen mit einem direkten arterenergischen Wirkungsmechanismus, das heisst Mimetika der Katecholamine (zum Beispiel Benzedrin und Pervitin); Klasse II: Substanzen mit einem indirekten arterenergischen Wirkungsmechanismus, das heisst Wirkung durch Freisetzung der Katecholamine (zum Beispiel Kokain und N-Benzyl-Benzedrin).