基于预测性菱形搜索法的快速去隔行技术

提出了一种基于运动估计和运动补偿的去隔行 (隔行变逐行 )新方法。该方法首先使用预测性菱形搜索块匹配法 (PDSBM)计算出稳定和精确的运动矢量场 ,然后通过对视频序列的多假设运动补偿分析来实现隔行到逐行的插值 ,再对所得到的视频序列进行运动补偿滤波 ,进一步消除了水平边缘的影响 ,充分考虑了场间和场内视频序列的空间和时间相关性。仿真结果表明 ,该方法能够得到比其它几种常用的去隔行算法更好的效果。     

The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus

Viruses are obligate parasites of Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria. Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV) is the largest known virus; it grows only in amoeba and is visible under the optical microscope. Mimivirus possesses a 1,185-kilobase double-stranded linear chromosome whose coding capacity is greater than that of numerous bacteria and archaea1, 2, 3. Here we describe an icosahedral small virus, Sputnik, 50 nm in size, found associated with a new strain of APMV. Sputnik cannot multiply in Acanthamoeba castellanii but grows rapidly, after an eclipse phase, in the giant virus factory found in amoebae co-infected with APMV4. Sputnik growth is deleterious to APMV and results in the production of abortive forms and abnormal capsid assembly of the host virus. The Sputnik genome is an 18.343-kilobase circular double-stranded DNA and contains genes that are linked to viruses infecting each of the three domains of life Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria. Of the 21 predicted protein-coding genes, eight encode proteins with detectable homologues, including three proteins apparently derived from APMV, a homologue of an archaeal virus integrase, a predicted primase-helicase, a packaging ATPase with homologues in bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, a distant homologue of bacterial insertion sequence transposase DNA-binding subunit, and a Zn-ribbon protein. The closest homologues of the last four of these proteins were detected in the Global Ocean Survey environmental data set5, suggesting that Sputnik represents a currently unknown family of viruses. Considering its functional analogy with bacteriophages, we classify this virus as a virophage. The virophage could be a vehicle mediating lateral gene transfer between giant viruses.     

Gating charge displacement in voltage-gated ion channels involves limited transmembrane movement

Voltage-gated ion channels are responsible for generating electrical impulses in nerves and other excitable cells. The fourth transmembrane helix (S4) in voltage-gated channels is the primary voltage-sensing unit that mediates the response to a changing membrane electric field. The molecular mechanism of voltage sensing, particularly with respect to the magnitude of the transmembrane movement of S4, remains controversial. To determine the extent of this transmembrane movement, we use fluorescent resonance energy transfer between the S4 domain and a reference point in the lipid bilayer. The lipophilic ion dipicrylamine distributes on either side of the lipid bilayer depending on the membrane potential, and is used here as a resonance-energy-transfer acceptor from donor molecules attached to several positions in the Shaker K+ channel. A voltage-driven transmembrane movement of the donor should produce a transient fluorescence change because the acceptor also translocates as a function of voltage. In Shaker K+ channels no such transient fluorescence is observed, indicating that the S4 segment does not translocate across the lipid bilayer. Based on these observations, we propose a molecular model of voltage gating that can account for the observed 13e gating charge with limited transmembrane S4 movement.     

Distinct epigenetic changes in the stromal cells of breast cancers

Increasing evidence suggests that changes in the cellular microenvironment contribute to tumorigenesis, but the molecular basis of these alterations is not well understood. Although epigenetic modifications of the neoplastic cells in tumors have been firmly implicated in tumorigenesis, it is not known whether epigenetic modifications occur in the non-neoplastic stromal cells. To address this question in an unbiased and genome-wide manner, we developed a new method, methylation-specific digital karyotyping, and applied it to epithelial and myoepithelial cells, stromal fibroblasts from normal breast tissue, and in situ and invasive breast carcinomas. Our analyses showed that distinct epigenetic alterations occur in all three cell types during breast tumorigenesis in a tumor stage- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that epigenetic changes have a role in the maintenance of the abnormal cellular microenvironment in breast cancer.     

Cytoimmunological study of the corticotrophic and corticomelanotrophic cells in the adenohypophysis of Boops salpa L. (marine teleost) in different experimental conditions (variation of salinity and of background color)]

The cytoimmunological study of the adenohypophysis of Boops salpa (marine Teleost), in different experimental conditions confirmed that the MacConaill's hematoxyline-positive cells contain: 1. ACTH (Corticotrophic Hormone) in the pars distalis, 2. MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone) and ACTH in the pars intermedia.     

Sandwiched Renyi 量子相对熵单调性的另一证明

量子相对熵在保迹完全正定的映射作用下是单调递减的.此外,对于一种新提出的Sandwiched Renyi量子相对熵,当映射满足Schwarz不等式或映射保迹正定时,也有研究证明该量子相对熵的单调性也成立.本文利用复插值技巧给出当α∈[1/2,1)时Sandwiched Renyi量子相对熵单调性的另一证明.该技巧曾被用于证明α∈(1,∞)时量子相对熵在保迹正定映射的作用下满足单调性.