全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1980篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 46篇 |
丛书文集 | 14篇 |
教育与普及 | 3篇 |
理论与方法论 | 45篇 |
现状及发展 | 877篇 |
研究方法 | 175篇 |
综合类 | 820篇 |
自然研究 | 43篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 40篇 |
2012年 | 69篇 |
2011年 | 92篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 94篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 144篇 |
2000年 | 96篇 |
1999年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 39篇 |
1978年 | 35篇 |
1977年 | 34篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1975年 | 37篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
1973年 | 39篇 |
1972年 | 47篇 |
1971年 | 43篇 |
1970年 | 31篇 |
1969年 | 32篇 |
1968年 | 25篇 |
1967年 | 30篇 |
1966年 | 33篇 |
1965年 | 21篇 |
1958年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有2023条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
Chourrout D Delsuc F Chourrout P Edvardsen RB Rentzsch F Renfer E Jensen MF Zhu B de Jong P Steele RE Technau U 《Nature》2006,442(7103):684-687
Bilaterian animals have a Hox gene cluster essential for patterning the main body axis, and a ParaHox gene cluster. Comparison of Hox and ParaHox genes has led workers to postulate that both clusters originated from the duplication of an ancient cluster named ProtoHox, which contained up to four genes with at least the precursors of anterior and posterior Hox/ParaHox genes. However, the way in which genes diversified within the ProtoHox, Hox and ParaHox clusters remains unclear because no systematic study of non-bilaterian animals exists. Here we characterize the full Hox/ParaHox gene complements and genomic organization in two cnidarian species (Nematostella vectensis and Hydra magnipapillata), and suggest a ProtoHox cluster simpler than originally thought on the basis of three arguments. First, both species possess bilaterian-like anterior Hox genes, but their non-anterior genes do not appear as counterparts of either bilaterian central or posterior genes; second, two clustered ParaHox genes, Gsx and a gene related to Xlox and Cdx, are found in Nematostella vectensis; and third, we do not find clear phylogenetic support for a common origin of bilaterian Cdx and posterior genes, which might therefore have appeared after the ProtoHox cluster duplication. Consequently, the ProtoHox cluster might have consisted of only two anterior genes. Non-anterior genes could have appeared independently in the Hox and ParaHox clusters, possibly after the separation of bilaterians and cnidarians. 相似文献
972.
Perry L Sandweiss DH Piperno DR Rademaker K Malpass MA Umire A de la Vera P 《Nature》2006,440(7080):76-79
Over the past decade, increasing attention to the recovery and identification of plant microfossil remains from archaeological sites located in lowland South America has significantly increased knowledge of pre-Columbian plant domestication and crop plant dispersals in tropical forests and other regions. Along the Andean mountain chain, however, the chronology and trajectory of plant domestication are still poorly understood for both important indigenous staple crops such as the potato (Solanum sp.) and others exogenous to the region, for example, maize (Zea mays). Here we report the analyses of plant microremains from a late preceramic house (3,431 +/- 45 to 3,745 +/- 65 14C bp or approximately 3,600 to 4,000 calibrated years bp) in the highland southern Peruvian site of Waynuna. Our results extend the record of maize by at least a millennium in the southern Andes, show on-site processing of maize into flour, provide direct evidence for the deliberate movement of plant foods by humans from the tropical forest to the highlands, and confirm the potential of plant microfossil analysis in understanding ancient plant use and migration in this region. 相似文献
973.
van de Lavoir MC Diamond JH Leighton PA Mather-Love C Heyer BS Bradshaw R Kerchner A Hooi LT Gessaro TM Swanberg SE Delany ME Etches RJ 《Nature》2006,441(7094):766-769
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of sperm and eggs. In most animals, segregation of the germ line from the somatic lineages is one of the earliest events in development; in avian embryos, PGCs are first identified in an extra-embryonic region, the germinal crescent, after approximately 18 h of incubation. After 50-55 h of development, PGCs migrate to the gonad and subsequently produce functional sperm and oocytes. So far, cultures of PGCs that remain restricted to the germ line have not been reported in any species. Here we show that chicken PGCs can be isolated, cultured and genetically modified while maintaining their commitment to the germ line. Furthermore, we show that chicken PGCs can be induced in vitro to differentiate into embryonic germ cells that contribute to somatic tissues. Retention of the commitment of PGCs to the germ line after extended periods in culture and after genetic modification combined with their capacity to acquire somatic competence in vitro provides a new model for developmental biology. The utility of the model is enhanced by the accessibility of the avian embryo, which facilitates access to the earliest stages of development and supplies a facile route for the reintroduction of PGCs into the embryonic vasculature. In addition, these attributes create new opportunities to manipulate the genome of chickens for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. 相似文献
974.
Fabiane Carvalho Ballotin Mayra Nascimento Sara Silveira Vieira Alexandre Carvalho Bertoli Ottávio Carmignano Ana Paula de Carvalho Teixeira Rochel Montero Lago 《矿物冶金与材料学报》2020,27(1):46-54
In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), and talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K2MgSiO4 phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K2MgSiO4 formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K2MgSiO4. 相似文献
975.
Summary In rat intestine, the glutathione level was increased, glutathione peroxidase activity decreased and glutathione-S-transferase unchanged by vitamin A deficiency. 相似文献
976.
In rat intestine, the glutathione level was increased, glutathione peroxidase activity decreased and glutathione-S-transferase unchanged by vitamin A deficiency. 相似文献
977.
Cloning of a gene that is rearranged in patients with choroideraemia 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Choroideraemia (tapetochoroidal dystrophy, TCD), a common form of X-linked blindness, is characterized by progressive dystrophy of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium and retina. Previous studies have assigned the TCD gene to a small segment of the Xq21 band. By making use of reverse genetics strategies we have isolated eight overlapping complementary DNA clones from the same chromosomal region. The corresponding gene is expressed in retina, choroid and retinal pigment epithelium. The cDNAs encompass an open reading frame of 948 base pairs that is structurally altered in eight TCD patients with deletions, and in a female patient with a balanced translocation involving Xq21. These findings provide strong evidence that we have cloned the gene underlying choroideraemia. Elucidation of its function should provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for this disorder and other hereditary retinopathies. 相似文献
978.
C-banding and mithramycin staining were used to characterize the karyotypes of 10 specimens of the African reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus from Tanzania. The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 24. Although no heteromorphic sex chromosomes were present in the mitotic karyotypes, in many diakineses of male meiosis one or two bivalents exhibited an end-to-end arrangement. In the laboratory 7 out of 24 females changed sex spontaneously. This indicates that an XY/XX system of sex determination operates in H. viridiflavus ommatostictus. 相似文献
979.
980.
Zusammenfassung Häftlinge verschiedener Herkunft und Lebensweise, unter gleichen Umständen längere Zeit im Gefängnis, wurden in zwei Gruppen geteilt: 36 Männer mit Serumcholesterolwerten niedriger als 200 mg%, und 101 Männer mit Werten von 200 mg% und mehr. Die Daten von Alter, Länge, Gewicht, Armumfang, Subkutanfett, Brustumfang, EKG, Qualität und Quantität der Ernährung und Energieverbrauch bewiesen, dass Männer mit niedrigen Cholesterolwerten signifikant aktiver, weniger fett und jünger waren als Männer mit höheren Cholesterolwerten. 相似文献