重庆水资源安全情景模拟及预测研究

针对重庆水资源的安全利用,建立重庆水资源安全系统动力学模型,设计5种不同情景,预测了2006—2030年重庆水资源安全在不同方案下发展状态;结果表明:保持现行发展模式不变,不加以任何改进,不利于重庆水资源的安全利用;仅通过节能减排或者降低工农业用水与中水回用都不能使水资源安全利用得到有效改善;只有加强环保力度,在治污减排的同时,改进工业工艺与产业结构,推进农业现代化,加强点源污染控制,才能有效提高重庆水资源安全,促进地区经济、社会和环境的协调发展。     

基于深度置信网络的假手指静脉图像检测算法

针对伪造的手指静脉图像能够成功攻击手指静脉识别系统,从而使得其识别系统安全性能大大降低的问题,提出了一种基于深度置信网络的手指静脉防伪检测的方法;通过逐层无监督的学习方法预训练深度网络的权值参数,以及有监督的BP神经网络微调深度网络的权值参数,从而提取到手指静脉图像的特征,用于静脉图像的检测;实验结果证明所提出的手指静脉防伪检测方法能够有效地识别出假手指静脉图像;通过对比性实验研究,发现此方法提高了手指静脉识别系统的安全性能。     

主成分分析在企业发展评估的应用

在某国有银行财务报表中选取10个主要指标进行主成分分析,利用SPSS20软件求解出第一主成分和第二主成分的主成分得分和综合得分,并根据综合得分进行了排名。最后,总结出平均总资产回报率、风险加权资产收益率、不良贷款率、拨备覆盖率、一级资本充足率和总权益对总资产比率这6个指标的变化会对该企业的发展产生显著的影响。     

基于FPGA的脉冲参数测量系统

该系统是基于FPGA和单片机AT89S52的脉冲参数测试系统,能够测量脉冲信号的周期、频率、占空比、脉宽等参数。首 先由FPGA提供一个频率为50 MHz的信号源作为标准信号源,并在FPGA中构造2个32位的计数器,用来测量被测信号的各 个参数,最后将测量结果送入单片机中处理并显示。整个系统主要由按键电路、门控电路、2个32位计数器和显示电路等模块 组成。通过测试该系统抗干扰能力强,测量数据稳定可靠,测量精度高。     

非智力因素的培养对提升大学生就业能力的研究

自高校统招以来,高校毕业生就业能力不足所导致的就业难已经成为全社会普遍关注的问题。因此,要改善毕业生的就业难现状,不仅要重视经济结构的调整,加快发展服务业的吸纳能力,更要强化毕业生的就业能力培养。     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.     

基于改进Sobel算法的焊缝X射线图像气孔识别方法

提出一种具有自适应能力的焊缝X射线图像气孔检测方法.通过局部动态阈值分割法设计了多方向的焊缝X射线图像模板,采用Sobel算法对复杂背景下的焊缝进行边缘检测和区域标记,并在标记区域对原始图像x和y方向的灰度梯度进行分析,以增强小气孔和粘连气孔的识别能力.检测应用效果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的自适应能力且准确快速,能够有效地克服人工评片中产生的漏判与误判等缺点,并且能够存储和查询检测数据.     

基于神经网络的多孔泡沫金属磁流变液阻尼器模型

多孔泡沫金属磁流变液阻尼器是采用泡沫金属储存磁流变液的新型阻尼器。通过磁流变阻尼器的性能试验研究,得到了阻尼力与电流之间的关系,采用BP神经网络,建立了磁流变阻尼器正向模型。结果显示,神经网络模型能准确地预测磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力和控制电流,证明了该方法的有效性,与已有的模型相比,具有精度高,计算简便等特点。     

Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.