INFLUENCE OF NON-PROCESS ELEMENTS ON REED PULP''''S CHARACTERS DURING OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION

INTRODUCTIONOxygen delignification is widely used in many bleached pulp-grade operation to diminish the levels of residual lignin in kraft[1]. The chemistry of oxygen delignification has undergone a renaissance in the last decade.Although the chemical structure and reactivity of residual lignin play a role in its effective removal, a variety of metal ions, frequently refers to as non-process elements(NPEs), they are either originated in pulp or introduced are also suggested to strongly a…     

可重构机器人研究的现状和展望

介绍了可重构机器人的概念及分类方法 ,总结了可重构机器人的发展和目前国内外对可重构机器人进行研究的现状 ,展望了可重构机器人研究的发展方向 .     

月球车的运动学、动力学分析及其仿真研究

首先推导出六轮月球车运动学方程 ;其次 ,给出了在崎岖地形中运动的月球车的受力分析 ;最后 ,在考虑月球车多关节动力学问题条件下 ,建立了月球车的动力学模型 ;通过仿真实验表明该动力学模型可以较好地解决月球车在崎岖地形中的复杂运动问题 .     

一种新型的光纤曲率传感器

开发了一种新型的埋入式光纤曲率传感器 ,以结构的曲率变形对传感器的输出光强实现强度调制 .对传感器的静态和动态特性作了分析 ,提出了该传感器的传感机理 ,对传感器的结构作了改进 .将此传感器埋入树脂基复合材料板内部 ,测量板的弯曲变形 .可利用此曲率传感器组成准分布式传感系统检测智能结构的形状变化 .     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

Reproductive ecology of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) in an urban forest of the Central Andes of Colombia

Population and reproductive behaviour aspects of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon are well known for populations from Central America, but similar information is lacking for populations from South America. We recorded the reproductive ecology of a population of the glass frog E. prosoblepon in the city of Armenia, Central Andes of Colombia. With weekly surveys with mark-recapture between December 2013 and November 2015, we monitored activity patterns and evaluated if the probability of males mating is associated to their body size or to chorus tenure (i.e. the number of nights a same individual is calling for attracting a mate). In addition, upon observing an amplexus, we recorded the behaviour of the individuals until oviposition and noted characteristics of egg clutch. We recorded 47 males and 32 females, nine amplexus events, eight ovipositions, and 21 egg clutches (35.4 ± 4.79 eggs per clutch, N = 29). Activity of males and females and the number of egg clutches were positively correlated to rainfall. Mating success of males was not associated to their body size, but it was positively associated to longer chorus tenure; clutches from large females had a higher number of eggs than clutches from small females. Oviposition occurred on average 3.76 ± 1.74 hours after we first observed the amplexus, occurring 93.1% of the time in fronds of Selaginella geniculata at an average height of 1.58 ± 0.44 m. After the oviposition, the male left the site, while the female remained between 30 and 45 min, partially covering the eggs. The reproductive behaviour of E. prosoblepon did not vary widely between a population in Costa Rica and our population in time to oviposition, and mating success of males associated to chorus tenure; however, in our study population we recorded a larger clutch size and the preference for S. geniculata fronds as oviposition substrate.     

《大数据百科全书》术语特点及收录与处理原则

大数据发展日新月异,新的应用需求和实践问题层出不穷,社会各界越来越重视大数据的基础研究。百科全书作为知识门类的概述性著作,是开展和推动基础研究的重要载体。作为大数据知识传播的工具,《大数据百科全书》不仅要有实用与新颖兼备的知识内容,并且还应具备准确严谨与通畅易懂的专业化语言文字表达。其中,术语是《大数据百科全书》不可或缺的有机组成部分,文章总结大数据领域的术语特点,并以此提出《大数据百科全书》术语方面的收录和处理原则。     

Secure Two-Party Distance Computation Protocol Based on Privacy Homomorphism and Scalar Product in Wireless Sensor Networks

Numerous privacy-preserving issues have emerged along with the fast development of the Internet of Things. In addressing privacy protection problems in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN), secure multi-party computation is considered vital, where obtaining the Euclidian distance between two nodes with no disclosure of either side’s secrets has become the focus of location-privacy-related applications. This paper proposes a novel Privacy-Preserving Scalar Product Protocol(PPSPP) for wireless sensor networks. Based on PPSPP, we then propose a Homomorphic-Encryption-based Euclidean Distance Protocol(HEEDP) without third parties. This protocol can achieve secure distance computation between two sensor nodes. Correctness proofs of PPSPP and HEEDP are provided, followed by security validation and analysis. Performance evaluations via comparisons among similar protocols demonstrate that HEEDP is superior; it is most efficient in terms of both communication and computation on a wide range of data types, especially in wireless sensor networks.     

Effect of Zn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy

In the present work, an Al–0.66Mg–0.85Si–0.2Cu alloy with Zn addition was investigated by electron back scattering diffraction(EBSD), high resolution electron microscopy(HREM), tensile and Erichsen tests. The mechanical properties of the alloy after pre-aging met the standards of sheet forming. After paint baking, the yield strength of the alloy was improved apparently. GP(Ⅱ) zones and η’phases were formed during aging process due to Zn addition. With the precipitation of GP zones, β″ phases, GP(Ⅱ) zones and η’phases, the alloys displayed excellent mechanical properties.