广东省入境旅游业发展差异时空演变研究

以广东省21地市为研究对象,基于1999—2009年数据,利用标准差、变异系数、集中指数、重心法、灰色关联分析等方法分析了广东省白1999年以来入境旅游发展差异的时空演变情况．结果表明：1）广东省入境旅游发展的绝对差异在不断扩大,相对差异呈缩小趋势,仇变幅较小,且入境旅游发展差异主要表现为珠三角内部地市之间的差异;2）广东省入境旅游发展差异的空间极化效应明显,发展极不平衡,集中度高,在空间上形成了明显的“双核四区（广州、深圳双核,珠三角、东翼、西翼、山区四区）”格局;3）灰色关联分析方法定量地揭示了广东省入境旅游发展地市差异与旅游资源分布的地市差异关联度不大,经济发展水平、区位条件、交通条件等是影响广东省各地市入境旅游业发展的主要因素．     

Repetitive motor learning induces coordinated formation of clustered dendritic spines in vivo

Many lines of evidence suggest that memory in the mammalian brain is stored with distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Despite recent progresses in identifying neuronal populations involved in memory coding, the synapse-level mechanism is still poorly understood. Computational models and electrophysiological data have shown that functional clustering of synapses along dendritic branches leads to nonlinear summation of synaptic inputs and greatly expands the computing power of a neural network. However, whether neighbouring synapses are involved in encoding similar memory and how task-specific cortical networks develop during learning remain elusive. Using transcranial two-photon microscopy, we followed apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex while mice practised novel forelimb skills. Here we show that a third of new dendritic spines (postsynaptic structures of most excitatory synapses) formed during the acquisition phase of learning emerge in clusters, and that most such clusters are neighbouring spine pairs. These clustered new spines are more likely to persist throughout prolonged learning sessions, and even long after training stops, than non-clustered counterparts. Moreover, formation of new spine clusters requires repetition of the same motor task, and the emergence of succedent new spine(s) accompanies the strengthening of the first new spine in the cluster. We also show that under control conditions new spines appear to avoid existing stable spines, rather than being uniformly added along dendrites. However, succedent new spines in clusters overcome such a spatial constraint and form in close vicinity to neighbouring stable spines. Our findings suggest that clustering of new synapses along dendrites is induced by repetitive activation of the cortical circuitry during learning, providing a structural basis for spatial coding of motor memory in the mammalian brain.     

西藏环境质量动态评价及环境政策市场化工具选择

西藏是亚洲乃至世界最大＂江河源＂区,生态环境地位十分重要,同时生态环境又非常脆弱。随着西藏地方经济的快速发展,环境污染问题也逐步呈现出恶化的趋势,选择合理有效的政策工具,推进西藏环境保护进程势在必行。文章通过分析历史数据,对西藏生态环境质量进行了动态分析评价,并据以提出西藏环境政策市场化工具选择。提出西藏地区在环境保护过程中应该继续保持以政府管制为主体的环境治理模式的应然状态,加强市场化工具的选择和应用。     

Pragmatic Approach to Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation

This paper presents a pragmatic adaptive scheme for TuCM over slowly fading channels. The adaptive scheme employs a single turbo coded modulator composed of a variable-rate turbo encoder and a variable-rate variable-power MQAM for all fading regions, so it has an acceptable complexity to implement. The optimal adaptive TuCM scheme is determined subject to various system constraints. Simulations have been performed to measure the performance of the scheme for different parameters. It is shown that adopting both the turbo coded modulator and the transmit power achieves a performance within 2.5 dB of the fading channel capacity.     

闭值域算子和框架的扰动

研究了B(H)上的闭值域算子的扰动问题,并把结果推广到框架理论.证明了当{fi}∞i＝1分别是H上的Bessel序列、框架或Riesz基,{gi}∞i＝1是一个序列,且{fi}∞i＝1和{gi}∞i＝1满足一定条件时,{gi}∞i＝1也分别是H上的Bessel序列、框架或Riesz基.     

均匀化热处理及其冷却速度对镍基GH141合金热塑性的影响

研究了均匀化热处理时保温后的冷却速度对ＧＨ１４１合金热塑性的影响·研究结果表明,冷却方式显著影响均匀化热处理效果·保温后缓冷过程中析出大尺寸、方形γ′粒子,超过了位错与γ′粒子交互作用方式的临界尺寸,合金变形时位错以Ｏｒｏｗａｎ机制绕过γ′粒子,从而使合金变形抗力降低,热塑性提高·     

海藻酸微球的制备及结构与性能间相互关系

采用高压静电液滴法制备海藻酸钙微球(AGS)。首先通过改进高压装置中电场环境,形成均匀电场,制备单分散AGS;在此基础上,以牛血清白蛋白、血红蛋白为药物模型,系统地研究载药微球的表面形貌、内部结构、溶胀比以及载药释药性能。实验结果表明:在电场中加入直径为17cm的圆形铁环,可有效减少子液滴的形成,制得粒径为(219±6)μm的单分散AGS;另外,海藻酸钠包载不同的药物将形成不同的AGS内部结构,进而影响AGS强度及载药释药性能。释放液中牛血清白蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示,该制备方法并未对被包埋蛋白的相对分子质量产生影响,为AGS在蛋白类药物缓控释载体领域中的应用奠定了基础。     

基于激光扫描共焦显微技术的刀具刃口精密测量

为表征刀具刃口结构,提出了一种刃口精密测量和数据处理方法.采用激光扫描共焦显微镜对刀具刃口进行精密测量,通过数据后处理拟合刃口圆弧半径.研究结果表明:测量采用的角度块倾角会对刃口测量范围及刃口不对称度判定产生影响,应根据刀具结构参数合理选择,对于TPMT16T304刀具选择倾角为50.5°的角度块时测量效果较好;数据平滑可以有效去除测量噪声,提高数据处理效率和测量精度;刀具刃口最小二乘拟合结果与扫描电镜法测量值及标称值较吻合,标准不确定度优于0.084μm.以上结果说明,基于激光扫描共焦显微技术的刀具刃口测量方法简便、测量精度高且不破坏刀具.     

Isolation and characterization of rl（t）, a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant ideotype. Previous studies have shown that the rl（t） gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype, because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index （LRI） of about 30 % in the heterozygous state, and had a positive effect on grain yield. In this study, we isolated rl（t） and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in rice. DNA sequencing identified a single base change （G to T） in the finely mapped region （11 kb） containing rl（t）, and this is located in 3′-untranslated region （3′-UTR） of the only predicted gene, Roc5 （Rice outermost cell-specific）. The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl（t） mutant than in the wild-type. Using RNAi and overexpression analysis, we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area, and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial rolling. These results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosagedependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence （called the GU-rich element） in the 3′-UTR of HD-GL2 （Homeodomain-Glabra2） family genes including Roc5. Based on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals, we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl（t） mutant compared to the wild-type, which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the leaf. This discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.