Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen beim menschlichen Calcitonin. III. Die biologische Aktivität verkürzter oder an den Kettenenden modifizierter,synthetischer analoger

Summary Assays of 8 synthetic analogues of human calcitonin in rats showed that their hypocalcaemic activity was drastically reduced by deletion of the C-terminal amide group, chain-shortening or opening of the disulphide ring, but unaffected or enhanced by modification of the N-terminal amino group.

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II. vgl.R. Maier, B. Kamber, B. Riniker andW. Rittel, Hormon. Metab. Res.7, 511 (1975).

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Die hier verwendete, abgekürzte Schreibweise für Peptide folgt den Empfehlungen der IUPAC-IUB Kommission für Biochemische Nomenklatur, J.B.C.247, 977 (1972). Weitere Abkürzungen: HCT, Human-Calcitonin; PCT, Schweinecalcitonin; Bmp, -Mercaptopropionsäure (Desaminocystein); NMet, Normethionin (S-Methylcystein); -OMe, Methylester.     

4-Isothiocyanato-4′-nitrodiphenylamine (C9333-Go/CGP 4540) an anthelminthic with an unusual spectrum of activity against intestinal nematodes,filariae and schistosomes

Summary 4-isothiocyanato-4-nitrodiphenylamine was found to possess activity against intestinal nematodes in mice, against schistosomes in various hosts including primates and against two filarial species in the mongolian jird. Upon administration in a single oral dose it is equally effective againstS. haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum.     

分光光度法研究镥－偶氮氯膦Ⅰ－溴化十六烷基三甲胺三元配合物

阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下，偶氮氯膦Ⅰ（ＣＰＡＩ）与镥的显色反应．研究表明：在室温下，在ｐＨ７．５０～８．２０的六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液介质中，Ｌｕ（Ⅲ）－ＣＰＡＩ－ＣＴＭＡＢ可迅速形成灵敏度高的三元配合物．其最大吸收波长位于５８６．４ｎｍ，配合物组成为Ｌｕ（Ⅲ）：ＣＰＡＩ：ＣＴＭＡＢ＝１：３：３，ε值为５．２０×１０４ｍｏｌ－１·Ｌ·ｃｍ－１，Ｌｕ（Ⅲ）在０～１．７５０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内线性关系良好．其它稀土离子干扰不大，均在１０倍以上，尤其Ｙ（Ⅲ）的干扰可允许４０倍二应用此法测定人工合成试样中的增，回收率为１０２．６％，结果令人满意．     

Butterflies and ants: The communicative domain

Associations with ants, termed myrmecophily, are widespread in the butterfly family Lycaenidae and range from mere co-existence to more or less specific mutualistic or even parasitic interactions. Secretions of specialized epidermal glands are crucial for mediating the interactions. Transfer of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids) from butterfly larvae to ants plays a major role, but manipulative communication with the help of odour signals is also involved. By means of myrmecophily, lycaenid butterflies largely escape ant predation, and certain species gain protection through attendant ants or achieve developmental benefits from ant-attendance. Benefits to the ants range from minimal to substantial food rewards. While most lycaenid species maintain facultative relationships with a variety of ant genera, highly specific and obligatory associations have convergently evolved in a number of butterfly lineages. As a corollary, communication systems are largely unspecific in the former, but may be highly specialized in the latter. The sophisticated communication between obligate myrmecophiles and their host ants is tightly connected with the evolutionary rise of specialized life-cycles and thus is a source of augmenting diversity within the butterflies.     

The Effect of Transportation and Housing Subsidies on Urban Sprawl

This paper analyses theoretically the effect of transportation and housing subsidies on urban sprawl,modal choice decisions and urban spatial structure using a spatial general equilibrium model in a monocentric city with two transport modes. Our analysis shows that public transit subsidy leads to urban shrink,whilst subsidizing automobile and housing make the city sprawl. We also find the effects of the other factors on urban sprawl,such as households income and demand,rural land rent,the income tax rate,the total fixed cost of public transit and automobile and the travelling marginal cost of public transit and automobile. Furthermore,this paper also studies how to maximize the urban-area-wide spatial equilibrium utility level.     

Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data.

Microarray analysis has become a widely used tool for the generation of gene expression data on a genomic scale. Although many significant results have been derived from microarray studies, one limitation has been the lack of standards for presenting and exchanging such data. Here we present a proposal, the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME), that describes the minimum information required to ensure that microarray data can be easily interpreted and that results derived from its analysis can be independently verified. The ultimate goal of this work is to establish a standard for recording and reporting microarray-based gene expression data, which will in turn facilitate the establishment of databases and public repositories and enable the development of data analysis tools. With respect to MIAME, we concentrate on defining the content and structure of the necessary information rather than the technical format for capturing it.