大数据时代的传染病监测（英文）

Infectious diseases have caused and will continue to cause a significant impact on public health.Following the unprecedented H7N9 outbreak in China in early 2013,the recent spreading of the Ebola virus in West Africa has once again placed the danger of infectious diseases in the public eye and has caused significant public alarm all over the world.Given     

Turbidite and bottom-current evolution revealed by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of redox sediments in the Ulleung Basin,Sea of Japan

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS) from above and below 7.31 m in a core from the southern Ulleung Basin shows clear differences on an equal area projection of the lower hemisphere.Rather concentrated steep inclination of K 3 and horizontal inclination of K 1 and K 2(K1 ≥K2 ≥K3) are located within the upper part,and the latter two axes lie perpendicular to each other near the bedding plane.In contrast,random distribution of the three axes and extremely high value of shape parameters(Q=(K1-K2)/[(K1+K2)/2-K3]) are evident in the lower part,indicating complete destruction of the original sedimentary structure.This result is consistent with data from X-radiographs,which show numerous conglomerates,distortions and cleavages in the lower part.According to age models by Liu et al.(2010) and Zou et al.(2010),the bottom age at 7.31 m is 48 cal ka BP,and the time domain is discussed below.The degree of AMS(P) is low,1-1.08,and linearly related to the foliation(F)(R2 =0.95,N=176).The relationship between F and linearity(L) implies oblate aligning patterns that are typically sedimentary in origin.At least five redox couplets were found with the aid of S ratios and other rock magnetic parameters,and in most cases,the original signals of climate survived early diagenesis.The paleomagnetically reoriented AMS show corresponding changes with millennial events in the last 48 cal ka.Clearly tilted K 3 directions and reduction of P and F occurred within DO1-BA warm events,when melt water pulse 1A nd the YD cold event took place.The turbulent conditions therein,synchronous with coarsening of sediments,provide evidence of strong bottom currents and possible directional changes,as evidenced by different K3 tilting directions.A NE current direction in the last 4.5 cal ka is consistent with in situ measurements of bottom currents.Responses of AMS,mainly to climatic modulation,show on the one hand,the limited influence of diagenesis on rock magnetic signals and,on the other hand,the dramatic change of hydrodynamic conditions and terrigenous inputs during rapid sea level rise during the last deglaciation.     

Phylogenetic divergence in a desert fish: differentiation of speckled dace within the Bonneville, Lahontan, and upper Snake river basins

Historical events have had a great impact on the biogeography of fishes of western North America. We examined the genetic variation of the speckled dace ( Rhinichthys osculus ) to determine the effects on this species of extensive hydrological changes during the last 10 million years in the Bonneville and Lahontan basins of the Great Basin and the upper Snake River Basin. Eight hundred sixty-nine base pairs of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b were sequenced from 97 individuals representing 22 populations within these 3 basins, as well as from 2 individuals of longnose dace ( Rhinichthys cataractae ) that served as outgroups. Additionally, 13 speckled dace sequences representing 3 Bonneville populations were used from GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. Analysis of molecular variance was used to determine population structure and to estimate the amount of gene flow across the community boundaries. Three distinct clades were reconstructed representing the Lahontan Basin, the northern Bonneville and upper Snake River basins, and the southern Bonneville Basin. Additionally, most of the population structuring was explained by variation among basins (65.33%). Speckled dace demonstrated high genetic variation. As hypothesized, the northern and southern Bonneville specimens formed separate clades; however, the southern Bonneville clade was basal to a sister clade formed by the northern Bonneville/upper Snake River and Lahontan clades. These relationships indicate that Pliocene connections between the Snake, Lahontan, and Bonneville drainages, rather than more recent Pleistocene connections, best explain population structuring in speckled dace.     

The effects of redundant control inputs in finite-time optimal control

This paper is concerned with the effects of redundant control inputs on the quadratic optimal performance index in finite-time optimal control. Actually, the effects of redundant control input on quadratic performance index is equal to study the effects of the redundant control input on the solution of Riccati differential equation (RDE). Hence, some sufficient conditions are presented to strictly decrease the solution of RDE with the column of input matrix increased. Especially, a necessary and sufficient condition is derived to strictly decrease the solution of the homogeneous RDE after control input extensions. Moreover, one sufficient condition is obtained, which guarantees that the minimum control energy index strictly decreases with input extension. It is shown that redundant control inputs can improve the system performance based on these results. Some examples are taken to illustrate the effectiveness of related problems.     

Molecular and engineering approaches to regenerate and repair teeth in mammals

Continuous replacement of teeth throughout the lifespan of an individual is possibly basal for most of the vertebrates including fish and reptiles; however, mammals generally have a limited capacity of tooth renewal. The ability to induce cellular differentiation in adults to replace lost or damaged cells in mammals, or to tissue-engineer organs in vitro, has hence become one of the major goals of regenerative medicine. In this article, we will revisit some of the important signals and tissue interactions that regulate mammalian tooth development, and will offer a synopsis of the latest progress in tooth regeneration and repair via molecular and engineering approaches. It is hoped that this article will not only offer an overview of recent technologies in tooth regeneration and repair but will also stimulate more interdisciplinary research in this field to turn the pursuit of tooth regeneration and repair into practical reality.     

Recoverability analysis of block-sparse representation

Recoverability of block-sparse signals by convex relaxation methods is considered for the underdetermined linear model. In previous works, some explicit but pessimistic recoverability results which were associated with the dictionary were presented. This paper shows the recoverability of block-sparse signals are associated with the block structure when a random dictionary is given. Several probability inequalities are obtained to show how the recoverability changes along with the block structure parameters, such as the number of nonzero blocks, the block length, the dimension of the measurements and the dimension of the block-sparse representation signal. Also, this paper concludes that if the block-sparse structure can be considered, the recoverability of the signals wil be improved. Numerical examples are given to il ustrate the availability of the presented theoretical results.     

Variations in net litter nutrient input associated with tree species influence on soil nutrient contents in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

The influence of tree species on soils has received much attention,but we know little about either the pattern and underlying mechanisms of net nutrient and carbon inputs under canopy for various tree species or the effects of net nutrient input on soil nutrient contents.To address these issues,we selected three tree species with distinct leaf sizes and arranged litter traps around the target individuals to test what affected net nutrient and carbon inputs under canopy of target individuals,and how net nutrient inputs influenced soil nutrient contents.The results showed that net litter manganese(Mn)and lignin inputs were significantly different among these tree species,as well as soil exchangeable potassium(K),available iron(Fe)and available Mn.The results also revealed that the species with the smallest sized leaves may stimulate more net Mn and lignin inputs than the species with the largest sized leaves.At the same time,net nutrient inputs correlated with soil available Fe,while the ratio of lignin to nitrogen of net litter correlated with total phosphorus contents.These results demonstrated that litter production may be the main factor deciding net nutrient and carbon inputs under different tree species’canopy,which significantly differentiated soil iron’s availability.     

Poisonous plants of Utah

Bird species density, diversity, and species richness in relation to habitat and seasonal variations were studied in the Betatakin Canyon area of Navajo National Monument, Arizona. The two most prominent habitat types are a riparian forest deep in the canyon bottom and a mature pinyon-juniper woodland on the mesas and slopes above the canyon. One hundred thirty-five species of birds were encountered during the study and recorded by season and habitat. The avifauna assemblages demonstrate definite habitat selection into groups associated with the riparian and pinyon-juniper woodland communities. Diversity, density, and species richness were greatest in the riparian habitat during the spring and summer months. The differences in bird community composition were greater between seasons than between habitats. Pinyon pine and Gambel oak were highly selected as perch sites in the pinyon-juniper and riparian areas, respectively.     

The effect of spacer in hybrid white organic light emitting diodes

Two kinds of highly efficient,bright hybrid white organic light emitting diodes have been fabricated by utilizing ambipolar material 4,4-N,N-dicarbazolebiphenyl(CBP)and unipolar material N,N0-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N0-diphenyl-benzidine(NPB)as the spacer,respectively.By adjusting the thickness of spacers together with effectively utilizing combinations of exciton-harnessed orangephosphorescence/blue-fluorescence,the current efficiency of optimal device with CBP spacer and device with NPB spacer are 31.0 and 38.9 cd/A,the maximum power efficiency are 23.9 and 29.1 lm/W,the maximum brightness are 87,249 and 75,501 cd/m2,and the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE)coordinates are(0.42,0.43)and(0.47,0.44)at a voltage of 11 V,respectively.Furthermore,systematic investigations focused on the effects of spacers on device performance have been performed.By virtue of the multifunctional spacer,energy transfer between the phosphorescent and fluorescent emitters can be avoided while the carriers still can pass through this spacer bridge,which is important to realize such high device performance.In addition,a novel concept that both ambipolar materials and unipolar materials can be the promising candidates for spacers has been proposed if the thickness of spacers with high triplet energy is optimized.     

表面贴装器件图像处理关键技术研究

针对贴片机中表面贴装器件(Surface Mount Device,SMD)的视觉测量问题,研究了SMD的图像识别和测量算法.基于视觉飞行对中技术获取SMD图像.根据SMD的几何特征,提出了用于其图像处理流程的高斯滤波、迭代算法和最小面积外接矩形算法,并分别在Halcon和OpenCV两大机器视觉平台上进行对比分析与验证.