The neuronal sortilin-related receptor SORL1 is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease

The recycling of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) from the cell surface via the endocytic pathways plays a key role in the generation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) in Alzheimer disease. We report here that inherited variants in the SORL1 neuronal sorting receptor are associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease. These variants, which occur in at least two different clusters of intronic sequences within the SORL1 gene (also known as LR11 or SORLA) may regulate tissue-specific expression of SORL1. We also show that SORL1 directs trafficking of APP into recycling pathways and that when SORL1 is underexpressed, APP is sorted into Abeta-generating compartments. These data suggest that inherited or acquired changes in SORL1 expression or function are mechanistically involved in causing Alzheimer disease.     

基于GraphSage节点度重要性聚合的网络节点分类研究

传统的图嵌入算法及图神经网络模型在对网络节点分类时仅使用了节点本身的属性信息或者特征信息,很少使用节点在网络中的结构信息。如何在图神经网络聚合时引入节点网络结构信息来提升分类准确性也是一个值得深入研究的问题。因此,在GraphSage模型的基础上,根据网络中节点度及节点重要性设计了新的聚合函数并提出了GraphSage-Degree模型。首先,模型根据节点度获得节点在邻域中的重要性,然后再以重要性为依据来聚合节点的特征,使得网络中重要的节点能够尽可能的聚合更多的特征信息,并且在GraphSage-Degree中设置了一个与节点度有关的超参数D,能够通过调节该参数D使得在不同的数据集上达到最佳分类状态。在Cora、Citeseer和Pubmed 3个公开数据集上进行了测试,GraphSage-Degree与其他方法相比,macro-F1的平均提升值分别为8.72%、10.37%和8.29%,在Pubmed上有最大提升值38.84%;micro-F1的平均提升值分别为8.97%、11.16%和6.9%,在Pubmed上有最大提升值38.39%。     

融合知识图谱的多通道中医辨证模型

中医辨证是中医临床立法、处方、用药的基础和前提。中医电子病历缺乏高质量语料,模型训练容易欠拟合,且四诊信息的症状表达形式存在较大差异,限制了网络模型对复杂症状的识别能力。针对上述问题,通过对四诊信息多通道的分开处理,以及人工构建的小规模知识图谱对模型训练进行知识的增强,提出了融合知识图谱的多通道中医辨证模型。实验结果表明,基于中医电子病历数据集,提出的模型在P@1指标、P@3指标、P@5指标上相比基线模型分别提高3.51%、3.38%、3.32%,相比其他网络结构模型也有不同程度的提高,验证了所提模型对中医辨证具有显著效果。     

Present status and future prospect of design of Pt–cerium oxide electrodes for fuel cell applications

In the research field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the design of electrocatalytic activities on Pt-oxide promoter in the anode side has attracted attention for improvement of CO tolerance of Pt in anode side and a lowering of large over-potential loss of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode in the fuel cells. In the Pt-oxide promoter series, Pt–CeOx/C is one of the unique systems. It is because the unique behavior of CeOx such as electrochemical redox reaction between Ce3t and Ce4t in the anodic and cathodic reactions of fuel cell is observed. The present short review gives an overview of the recent works for improvement of the CO tolerance of Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C anodes and enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C cathodes for fuel cell application. To show the design paradigm for fabrication of high quality Pt–CeOx/C electrodes, the authors re-introduced parts of our research results to highlight the important role of interface structure of Pt–CeOx based on the ultimate analysis results. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis and the processing route design is presented.     

Normalized transfer function for characterizing conversion efficiency and harmonic distortion of all-optical sampling

A novel method for characterizing the nonlinearity of all-optical sampling is proposed based on the normalized transfer function.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Furthermore,an all-optical sampling experiment is performed to verify our method.Both simulation and experiment show consistency between our method and the measurements.The method only requires normalization and polynomial fitting of the transfer curve,and enables direct expression of the nonlinearity with the coefficients of the normalized transfer function.     

基于行车声音端点检测的交通量统计

基于传统特征的行车声音端点检测法存在重叠有车段识别率低、双门限阈值较难确定的问题,针对这两个问题,探索性地将梅尔频率倒谱系数(Mel frequency cepstral coefficients,MFCC)倒谱距离特征和短时能量特征进行了融合并应用于交通量检测。首先选取了周围环境较为安静的一个双车道路段,并采集了该路段上包含重叠有车段的行车声音;其次提取了行车声音的短时能量特征和MFCC倒谱距离特征,并对它们在端点检测中的优劣进行了分析对比;再次提出了一种融合短时能量特征和MFCC倒谱距离特征的新特征,并基于新特征将传统的双门限判决思路改进成了单门限判决思路;最后利用新特征对有车段进行端点检测并统计交通量。实验结果表明:基于融合特征的端点检测方法能有效解决重叠有车段识别率低和双门限阈值较难确定的问题。     

应用个性化推荐的Web日志关联规则挖掘算法研究

对传统的关联规则挖掘算法FP-Growth方法进行改进,提出FP-Mine算法,并应用该算法对Web日志进行挖掘,探寻用户访问站点页面之间的关联规则,来帮助管理员改善站点的设计和企业改进市场商务决策.实验结果证明FP-Mine算法在生成频繁项集及关联规则的过程中,只需存储i-size和(i+1)-size频繁项集的节点的Freq-Set-Tree,且立即在其之上生成规则,所以缩短规则生成的时间,提高规则生成效率,同时释放i-size项集的节点,有效地节省内存空间.     

《论语》中的第二人称代词分析

《论语》中第二人称代词比第一人称代词使用的次数少得多,这与第二人称代词在使用对象上要求甚严有关。本文试从使用对象、句法功能和称数等三个方面对《论语》中的第二人称代词进行具体的分析。