Bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors

Bitter peptides are a structurally diverse group of oligopeptides often generated in fermented, aged, and hydrolyzed food products that make them unfavorable for consumption. Humans perceive bitterness by a repertoire of 25 human bitter receptors, termed T2Rs. Knowledge of the structural features of bitter receptors and of the factors that stimulate bitter receptors will aid in understanding the mechanism responsible for bitter taste perception. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding structural features of bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors. Received 24 November 2008; received after revision 11 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008     

Rough function model and rough membership function

Two pairs of approximation operators, which are the scale lower and upper approximations as well as the real line lower and upper approximations, are defined. Their properties and antithesis characteristics are analyzed. The rough function model is generalized based on rough set theory, and the scheme of rough function theory is made more distinct and complete. Therefore, the transformation of the real function analysis from real line to scale is achieved. A series of basic concepts in rough function model including rough numbers, rough intervals, and rough membership functions are defined in the new scheme of the rough function model. Operating properties of rough intervals similar to rough sets are obtained. The relationship of rough inclusion and rough equality of rough intervals is defined by two kinds of tools, known as the lower （upper） approximation operator in real numbers domain and rough membership functions. Their relative properties are analyzed and proved strictly, which provides necessary theoretical foundation and technical support for the further discussion of properties and practical application of the rough function model.     

复杂性研究的计算方法

计算、算法与复杂性研究有着密切的关系,计算方法已经上升为一种复杂性研究的科学方法。计算复杂性使用的研究方法基本上是计算方法,算法复杂性研究的算法描述也是一种计算方法。计算方法还在复杂适应系统理论、人工生命等复杂性分支学科中扮演了重要的角色。计算方法不但在复杂性研究中有重要的作用,而且在一般方法论意义上也已经变得不可或缺,甚至走向了计算主义。     

Gene silencing in cancer by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation independent of promoter DNA methylation

Epigenetic silencing in cancer cells is mediated by at least two distinct histone modifications, polycomb-based histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27triM) and H3K9 dimethylation. The relationship between DNA hypermethylation and these histone modifications is not completely understood. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation microarrays (ChIP-chip) in prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostate, we found that up to 5% of promoters (16% CpG islands and 84% non-CpG islands) were enriched with H3K27triM. These genes were silenced specifically in prostate cancer, and those CpG islands affected showed low levels of DNA methylation. Downregulation of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase restored expression of the H3K27triM target genes alone or in synergy with histone deacetylase inhibition, without affecting promoter DNA methylation, and with no effect on the expression of genes silenced by DNA hypermethylation. These data establish EZH2-mediated H3K27triM as a mechanism of tumor-suppressor gene silencing in cancer that is potentially independent of promoter DNA methylation.     

基于构件建造信息系统的自适应体系结构

本文基于Ｈ．Ａ．Ｓｉｍｏｎ的决策认知过程分析,提出了一种用构件组装方式产生适应不同需求的信息系统。为了提高研制效率,给出了信息系统及其构件的形式化描述。在软件集成块 Ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ－ＩＣ的思路影响下提出了一种系统构成的自组织方法。     

未知噪声统计的交错估计GPS导航定位算法

将未知噪声统计量的估计与信号状态估计交替进行的算法引入 Ｇ Ｐ Ｓ定位,计算机模拟结果表明效果很好。     

一种脉冲压缩信号旁瓣抑制方法

给出了一种在脉冲压缩技术中实现低的压缩脉冲距离旁瓣的方法,由希望的压缩脉冲波形来设计加权滤波器。导出了可实现低的压缩脉冲距离旁瓣的条件。实验用声表面波(SAW)器件实现时,对线性调频信号,其压缩脉冲最大主旁瓣比为50dB。而用数字方法实现时,压缩脉冲最大旁瓣电平还受A/D及D/A变换器位数的限制。     

任意结构阵列基于高阶累积量的信号频率和二维角联合估计算法

提出了一种基于高阶累积量的信号频率和二维角估计算法。假设阵列中存在3个特性完全一致的阵元,此时使用高阶累积量实现的阵列虚拟展宽相当于存在两个和实际阵列相同的虚拟平移阵列,因而在其它阵元位置和响应特性未知的情况下也能实现空间信号频率和二维角估计。推导了使用PRO-ESPRIT算法实现联合估计的过程,并给出了相应的信号配对方法,计算机模拟结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

项目投资时机及投资概率分析

针对实物期权理论中存在的不足,运用鞅理论分析研究了市场环境下的确定性和不确定性因素对实物资产项目投资决策的影响.首先,通过鞅方法建立了反映投资时机和投资回报临界值之间关系的投资时机模型;然后,使用测度变换评价了项目投资能够被实施的可能性.研究结果表明确定性因素对投资时机和投资回报临界值具有相反作用的影响,不确定性因素则均具有正向作用的影响,且在确定性因素取值较小情况下,不确定性对投资却具有促进作用.     

表征高温性能的沥青纯粘性稠度

利用自行研发的沥青稠度测试仪,对沥青高温流动和粘弹特性进行分析可知,粘性成分是沥青抵抗变形的关键.为此引入了0.1 s-1剪变率时的纯粘性稠度,并提出了计算方法.将高温时0.1 s-1纯粘性稠度与沥青常规高温指标和沥青混合料动稳定度进行了比较分析,结果表明:高温时0.1 s-1纯粘性稠度克服了常规指标不适宜评价改性沥青的缺点,适合作为沥青高温性能新指标.最后,分析并推荐了沥青高温0.1 s-1纯粘性稠度标准的建议值.