Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌工艺优化的数值模拟

利用ANSYS和CFX软件建立了描述160mm×160mm方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌过程的数学模型.通过确立钢液黏度与温度的定量关系,考虑凝固时钢液黏度的重要影响,研究了方坯凝固末端糊状区磁场和流场的分布,以及电流强度对凝固前沿钢液最大搅拌速度的影响规律.结果表明:搅拌电流强度每增加100A,铸坯中心磁感应强度增加250×10-4T,切向电磁力增加1933N/m3,最大流速增加69cm/s.现场实验检验结果表明:60#钢凝固末端电磁搅拌器安装位置处液芯半径为344mm,最佳电磁搅拌频率为6Hz,最佳搅拌电流为380A,此时凝固前沿最大流速为165cm/s,铸坯中心碳偏析得到明显改善,中心碳偏析指数为104.     

径流式涡轮排气扩压器流动性能模拟研究

本文研究了径流式涡轮排气扩压器特性对涡轮增压器与中速柴油机匹配性能的影响。在研究过程中，假定排气扩压器的气流为一元准稳定不可压缩气流，试验装置采用压缩气源供气。根据相似理论模拟中速柴油机排气的气流状态进行内壁为直线型面（定为Ａ型）及内壁为曲线型面（定为Ｂ型）这两种型面的扩压器模拟试验。计算和试验结果表明：（１）不论Ａ型或Ｂ型排气扩压器都能改善径流式涡轮的性能，从而提高涡轮效率及涡轮增压器总效率；（２）当扩张角较大时，Ｂ型扩压器因有较高的扩压器效率及压力恢复系数，其性能优于Ａ型扩压器，这将更有利于改善涡轮增压器与中速柴油机的匹配性能。     

氯化铁催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯的研究

本文报道了以氯化铁为催化剂，以α-萘乙酸和甲醇为原料直接酯化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯的方法及最佳反应条件。     

Analysis on Influential Factors of Corporate Environmental Management Level Based on ISM

Environmental problem is one of complicated social problems. According to the level of corporate environmental management, there are many influential factors, and their relations are also complicated. In this paper, we analyzed influential factors of corporate environmental management through consultation of experts. And based on the analysis, we applied interpretative structural modeling（ISM） to classify 13 influential factors into 3 levels. We hope it will be useful for the subsequent research and evaluation of corporate environmental management level.     

New results on the robust stability analysis of neural networks with discrete and distributed time delays

Delay-dependent robust stability of cellular neural networks with time-varying discrete and distributed time-varying delays is considered. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and the linear matrix inequality （LMIs） technique, delay-dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of LMIs avoiding bounding certain cross terms, which often leads to conservatism. The effectiveness of the proposed stability criteria and the improvement over the existing results are illustrated in the numerical examples.     

低辐射中空玻璃对办公建筑能耗的影响

透明围护结构对建筑能耗有重要影响,其中窗墙比和玻璃类型是重要影响因素。针对不同气候区条件下典型城市的办公建筑,采用不同镀膜位置的低辐射中空玻璃,应用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件,分别考虑外窗方位和窗墙比变化情况下,计算房间的制冷能耗、供暖能耗和综合能耗。结果表明：随着窗墙比增大,制冷能耗均增大,窗在南侧房间供暖能耗均减小;哈尔滨外窗在南向时采用A型玻璃更佳,其他方位采用C型玻璃更佳,广州、南京和北京外窗均采用B型玻璃更佳;广州、南京、北京窗在西侧采用B型玻璃且窗墙比为0.7时综合节能率最大,值分别为20.0%、19.2%、15.4%,哈尔滨窗在东侧采用C型玻璃且窗墙比为0.7时综合节能率最大,值为9.6%。     

煤矿开采覆岩离层注浆浆液配比优化试验研究

覆岩离层注浆充填技术是一种煤矿绿色开采新技术,能有效控制离层上方的地表沉陷,对保护地表建筑物安全及生态环境稳定具有重要意义。为了探究离层注浆浆液最优配比,选取水固比、固相比、水玻璃掺量和悬浮剂掺量4个浆液性质的主要影响因素,采用正交试验和单因素试验的方法探究各因素对浆液的相对密度、黏度、析水率和结石率的影响。试验结果表明,水固比是控制浆液性质的主控因素。其他影响因素中,固相比对黏度影响较大,水玻璃掺量对析水率、结石率影响较大。单因素实验中,各电厂粉煤灰浆液随水固比减小,浆液析水率减小,结石率增加,黏度增加,即浆液中粉煤灰质量比越大,浆液稳定性和填充效果越好,但扩散半径越小。随着水固比减小,达到某一水固比值后,浆液黏度将显著增大。不同电厂粉煤灰浆液性质不相同,因此在注浆前对拟用粉煤灰进行试配是必要的。     

胶辊式砻谷冲击隔离系统隔振技术分析与仿真

为研究胶辊式砻谷工作时振动噪声大的问题,进行了胶辊式砻谷冲击隔离系统隔振技术的研究,通过设计实验验证砻谷装置工作时产生的机械冲击激励为砻谷作业的主要激振源,然后通过理论求解计算出激励力的力幅,再根据胶辊砻谷的工作特性和减少振动传递的要求,提出了一种在胶辊内安装由隔冲器对压并联构成的冲击隔离系统,最后在ADAMS中对冲击隔离系统进行静态下的受压特性和扭转特性仿真分析,验证了冲击隔离系统工作的稳定性;对冲击隔离系统进行脉冲冲击下的动力学仿真分析,获得了胶辊在脉冲冲击下的位移曲线和胶辊安装轴盘受力曲线,将轴盘受力最大值与理论计算出的激励力幅比较。结果表明：安装冲击隔离系统后激励力的传递率为49.5%。可见在胶辊内安装由隔冲器对压并联构成的冲击隔离系统对减少振动的传递具有有益效果。     

聚氯乙烯热稳定性测试方法的研究

热稳定性是影响聚氯乙烯(PVC)加工和使用的重要性能之一,PVC热稳定测试方法的研究对PVC热稳定剂的研发起到至关重要的作用.从介绍PVC的降解机理入手,系统介绍和论述了白度法、变色法、刚果红法和电导法等聚氯乙烯稳定性能的测试方法,指出了不同测试方法的优缺点与适用范围.这些方法都以高温下聚氯乙烯降解释放HCl并生成共轭双键导致其颜色变化这一降解机理为依据来测试其稳定性.