大理白族民居照壁的审美特性

照壁是大理白族民居重要的建筑构件,又是醒目的审美单元。照壁作为一个物质空间,同时也是艺术得以生成的媒介。在照壁的界框内,艺术符号被规约和创制,最终形成富有本民族审美特性的艺术形式。     

Development of emergency water quality standard for Cr6+ and Hg2+ in Liao River basin

The acute toxicity data of Cr＋ and Hg2＋ to the aquatic organisms in Liao River basin was collected and screened. Calculated results of criteria values using popular species sensitivity distribution （SSD） methods were evaluated through data analysis. The comprehensive methodology of emergency water quality standards （EWQSs） was established on the basis of the SSD method of Australia and New Zealand according to the evalu- ation results. The affected fractions of the aquatic organisms were set to be 5 %, 15 %, 30 % and 50 %, corre- sponding to the risk grades of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and IV, and four-grade EWQSs, respectively. The EWQSs for Cr6＋ and Hg2. in the Liao River were derived and the corresponding risk indicators were also proposed. The results showed that the four-grade EWQSs for Cr6＋ were 2.85 μg/L, 21.0 μg/L, 161 μg/L and 797 μ/L, respec- tively, and the risk indicators were daphnia （grade Ⅱ ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and the bighead fish or tadpole （grade IV）. The four-grade EWQSs for Hg2＋ were 0.59 μg/L, 2.32 μg/L, 6.25 μg/L and 15.6 μg/L, respective- ly, and the risk indicators were crucian carp or daphnia （grade Ⅱ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and worm or crab （grade IV）. The results provided valuable information for the risk analysis of sudden ambient water environmen- tal pollution accident.     

后张无黏结装配式框架节点抗震承载力预测

为研究后张无黏结装配式框架梁柱节点的抗震性能,提出了一种节点骨架曲线上特征点的计算方法.首先,基于弹性梁的理论和刚体转动原理,详细分析了后张无黏结节点梁端位移的组成,并给出计算位移的通用公式.然后,根据梁端截面在不同临界点(开裂点、线性极限点、混凝土核心区压碎点)的受力特点,计算了各特征点对应的荷载.最后,根据后张无黏结角钢连接节点的转动特征以及角钢在反复拉压荷载下的恢复力模型,得到骨架曲线上特征点的简化计算公式.计算结果与低周往复荷载下节点试验结果吻合较好,由此证明了计算的合理性和正确性.结果表明,该计算方法基于合理的力学概念,可较为准确地预测节点骨架曲线,具有计算简便、适用性广的优点.     

气管滴注纳米二氧化钛对大鼠的亚急性肺毒性实验研究

雄性SD大鼠气管滴注不同剂量的纳米二氧化钛(TiO2),每周2次,连续4周,染毒结束后,检测大鼠血常规、肺组织氧化应激指标和CRP表达,观察肺组织病理学和超微结构改变.结果表明:纳米TiO232 mg/kg组血常规中NEUT计数增加,纳米TiO2引起肺组织中SOD,GSH和CAT含量降低,组织病理学显示随着纳米TiO2染毒剂量增加,肺泡扩张不良、闭塞比例增加,肺内吞噬棕黄色颗粒的巨噬细胞数量增加,肺泡间隔内淋巴细胞和纤维细胞增多;超微结构发现纳米TiO2主要引起Ⅱ型肺泡结构改变.结果显示,在本实验条件下纳米TiO2使大鼠的肺组织受到氧自由基的攻击,肺脏清除氧自由基的能力减弱,并引起肺组织不同程度的病理和超微结构的改变.     

仿竹结构薄壁管的轴向耐撞性分析及优化

为提高薄壁管结构的耐撞性和吸能性,基于竹结构设计出由仿生节、仿生单元和仿生内管组成的仿生吸能管,并利用有限元法模拟了仿生吸能管的轴向碰撞吸能,利用响应面法求得了仿生吸能圆管的最优结构。优化得出仿生单元壁厚为1mm、仿生内管壁厚为0.628mm时吸能特性最优,比吸能分别为157.57kN和34.33kJ/kg。结果表明:仿生设计和响应面优化,可提高薄壁管的吸能特性,可为薄壁管的优化设计提供新方法。     

螺环-双环笼状磷酸酯的合成与性质

以含季戊四醇骨架的螺环磷酸酯二酰氯(PDD)和双环笼状磷酸酯(PEPA)为反应物,合成既有螺环又有双环笼状的磷酸酯阻燃剂PDD-PEPA,对该阻燃剂的合成条件(三乙胺催化剂用量、反应时间)进行优化,通过质谱、红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对PDD-PEPA的结构进行表征,采用热重分析对PDD-PEPA在氮气氛下的热稳定性和成炭性进行了分析.结果表明:以乙腈为溶剂、三乙胺与理论释放氯化氢的摩尔比为1.2:1、回流温度下反应10 h时可得到较高产率的PDD-PEPA;该条件下制得的阻燃剂理论磷含量为21.2%,起始分解温度为351℃,650℃时的残炭率为63.6%.     

基于PSO-DE混合算法的结构可靠性优化设计

为提高结构可靠性优化设计的效率,利用粒子群优化(PSO)和差分进化(DE)算法的搜索特性,构造一种PSO-DE混合算法,以克服基本PSO算法的早熟问题.将PSO-DE混合算法与结构可靠性优化理论相结合,建立了结构系统失效概率约束下以结构质量最小化为目标的优化模型.算例结果表明:与基本PSO算法相比,文中提出的PSO-DE混合算法提高了收敛速度和计算精度;该算法易于实现,鲁棒性好.     

江西马兜铃科一新纪录种——北马兜铃

报道了马兜铃科北马兜铃Aristolochia contorta Bunge在江西的地理新分布。     

基于评价主体的教育网络游戏评价体系探究

教育网络游戏作为一个独立的新生事物,近年来得到了长足的发展,但其评价方面的研究仍然比较薄弱。从不同的评价主体,能够评价的内容及专业程度不同的视角出发,探究并设计了教育网络游戏的评价体系,并且讲解了该如何具体操作。     

Hydrothermal synthesis,structures and properties of metal phosphonates based on m-xylylenediphosphonic acid

In this work, a series of new metal phosphonates were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized based on m-xylylenediphosphonic acids （H4L）, including [M（H2L）（bpy）] （M = Mn 1, Co 2）, [MH2L）（phen）] （M = Co 3, Cu 4）, and [Cu2（H2L）2（bpy＂）2] 5 （bpy = 2,2＇-bipyfidine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy＂ = 4,4＇-dimethyl-2,2＇- bipyridine）. X-ray diffraction indicated that compounds 1 and 2 were isomorphic. Complexes 3 and 4 were shown to crystallize in different space groups but had similar crystallographic units. In the complexes, H4L was seen to partially deprotonate to afford H2L^2-. The H2L^2- ligands in 1-4 functioned as tetradentate ligands with each phosphonate group adopting bidentate coordination mode with two M centers to generate a 2D layer. In addition, the H2L^2- anions in 5 functioned as tfidentate ligands with one phosphonate group adopting the bidentate mode and another phosphonate group adopting the monodentate mode, thus linking three Cu atoms to provide a 1D chain. The IR and thermal stabilities of these compounds were subsequently examined.