Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

月地高速再入返回飞行器信息系统设计与实现

探月三期月地高速再入返回飞行器由服务舱和返回器2个舱段组成,信息系统复杂,首先对信息系统的任务进行了分析,在此基础上提出了2层拓扑总线的互联方案、器内多子网自识别路由设计方案、链路层分层方案,脉冲调制编码(PCM)数据体制与高级在轨系统(AOS)数据体制统一设计方案,实现了多信源、多舱段信息管理与融合,提高了上行带宽利用率、器内数据路由和下行遥测灵活性和易扩展性,满足了飞行任务复杂工作模式下的需求,在轨飞行结果表明信息系统满足需求.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

混流式水轮机内部流动的整体解析及气蚀预测

采用计算流体力学方法,将整个水轮机划分为蜗壳、固定导叶叶栅、活动导叶叶栅、转轮和尾水管等几个域,对混流式水轮机进行整体解析,并根据各个域的残差履历,以转轮残差的充分收敛作为迭代计算是否收敛的判据.最后以某水电厂的混流式水轮机作为研究对象,得到了混流式水轮机的静态压力场,并利用压力场预测了转轮叶片出口负压面气蚀的发生时刻及发生部位,所得结果与实际转轮出口负压面气蚀结果一致,表明了文中方法的有效性.     

黏弹性材料扁球壳轴对称弯曲分析

研究了承受均布荷载的粘弹性材料扁球壳的轴对称弯曲问题,利用弹性一粘弹性相应原理,求解了随时间变化的挠度和内力的解析解。     

红枣裂果的气候环境背景及其防御

红枣成熟期的裂果,是影响产质产量的主要问题之一.引起红枣裂果最直接的外部因素是成熟期的连阴雨.文章针对红枣裂果的气侯环境作出研究,并总结出采取棚盖、覆膜、喷药、套袋等措施进行防御,对保证产质产量,收到了较好效果.     

桥梁高性能混凝土裂缝原因及预防措施

混凝土产生裂缝的原因比较复杂,主要对桥梁高性能混凝土裂缝产生的原因进行了分析,阐述了预防裂缝的措施及采用新的施工工艺,使桥梁高性能混凝土尽量不出现裂缝.     

Fairness of extra-gain guilty in performance of supply chain and contract design

Considering a one-supplier and two-retailer supply chain setting in which the supplier makes contacts with retailers in sequence based on FCFS(first–come–first-service) principle, the authors investigate the marginal effect of extra-gain guilty fairness concerns of supply chain members on the contract design, supply chain's profit and profit distribution. When the supplier considers distributional fairness of loss aversion and extra-gain guilty, extra-gain guilty concern reduces the optimal wholesale and retail price, and improves supply chain performance. When the first or the second retailer considers distributional fairness and peer-induced fairness, extra-gain guilty concerns decrease the optimal wholesale and retail price but increase the profit of all supply chain members only when the level of loss aversion is large enough and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2. However, when the level of loss aversion is small and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2, extra-gain guilty has no influence on supply chain performance. The analysis reveals that the supply chain performance can be further improved by considering fairness of extra-gain guilty.