AA／AMPS／DMDAAC三元共聚物阻垢分散剂的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、二甲基二烯丙基氯化胺（DMDAAC）等为单体,亚硫酸氢钠一过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成AA／AMPs／DMDAAc三元共聚物阻垢分散剂．研究结果表明,溶液中总单体质量分数为30％,引发剂质量分数为8％（占单体含量）,实验在弱碱性环境中进行,90℃下反应5h得到的共聚物有良好的阻垢分散性能．     

一种迭代有序k最邻近距离实现数字图像特征点匹配的算法

待配准图像和源图像之间具有自相似性或镜像关系时,SIFT特征匹配算法不能实现两幅图像特征点的正确匹配,针对这一问题,提出了一种通过dpk实现特征点正确匹配的迭代算法,在Matlab仿真实验中表明该算法能较好解决上述问题.     

视频移动侦测技术在城市交通管理中的应用

针对城市交通管理中的交通红绿灯计算机监控系统采用地埋感应线圈来识别红灯禁行区车辆的缺陷,描述在该计算机监控系统中如何采用视频移动侦测技术(VMD),取代地埋感应线圈来识别道路红灯禁区中行使的车辆,减少安置地埋线圈时对路面造成的损坏.分析应用该技术的可行性,硬件的可实现性.阐述如何通过计算机程序荻取摄相机自动抓拍的交通红绿灯路口上行驶的机动车的违章行使照片和道路交通状况信息的方法.     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES variational assimilation system

Variational method is capable of dealing with observations that have a complicated nonlinear relation with model variables representative of the atmospheric state, and so make it possible to directly assimilate such measured variables as satellite radiance, which have a nonlinear relation with the model variables. Assimilation of any type of observations requires a corresponding observation operator, which establishes a specific mapping from the space of the model state to the space of observation. This paper presents in detail how the direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data is implemented in the GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. It focuses on all the components of the observation operator for direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data, including a spatial interpolation operator that transforms variables from model grid points to observation locations, a physical transformation from model variables to observed elements with different choices of model variables, and a data quality control. Assimilation experiments, using satellite radiances such as NOAA17 AMSU-A and AMSU-B （Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit）, are carried out with two different schemes. The results from these experiments can be physically understood and clearly reflect a rational effect of direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES-3DVar analysis system.     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

改进的重标度极差法用于人体步态信号的动力学探测

作为人体输出生理信号之一的步态信号通常呈现一定的分形结构,具有明显的非线性特征,如何准确地探测到人体运动控制这一复杂生理系统的动力学特征具有重要的现实意义.本文通过一种改进的重标度极差法准确地捕捉到了不同自由行走速度下人体步态信号的动力学分形特征,而将原始步态时间间隔序列随机打乱顺序,获得的新序列则呈现出明显的随机性;通过与按节拍器产生的三种对应行走速率下的步态信号进行分析和比较后发现:正常健康人体输出的步态信号呈现出长程正相关性,而按节拍器节律获得的步态信号则长程正相关性减弱甚至消失,证明了人体运动控制系统调控输出步态信号的重要性.步态信号的动力学分形特性是健康人体的固有特征,具有很强的鲁棒性.缩短步态时间间隔序列长度后分析,该方法依然能够有效地探测到正常健康人体步态信号的动力学特征,并且算法简单可靠、运算快速、参数敏感、抗干扰能力强,研究结果对于人体运动控制系统的建模以及量化步态信号动力学的生理状态具有一定的应用价值.     

基于正交实验的透气砖座砖中尖晶石含量的优化

实验根据不同粒度和多少的尖晶石对透气砖座砖常温和高温下强度以及重烧线变化、热震稳定性能的影响,采用正交设计法来确定最佳粒度的尖晶石的加入量.研究结果表明,尖晶石a粒度、b粒度、c粒度掺量分别为6%、10%、4%时,试样具有最好的使用性能.     

锅炉炉胆稳定性的解析法分析

研究了圆柱壳和圆锥壳的临界载荷,进行了锅炉炉胆的稳定计算,把简单公式的计算结果和有限元计算结果进行比较,计算结果表明,二者非常吻合;应用简单公式计算了某失稳锅炉炉胆的临界载荷,分析了事故原因;另外,计算了正常工作的某型号锅炉炉胆的临界载荷,为锅炉炉胆的设计和计算提供了依据.     

甲醇溶剂环境下两种稳定构象α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法和自洽反应场(SCRF)理论的smd模型方法,研究了标题反应.势能面计算表明:标题反应的决速步骤均为第2基元反应,决速步能垒来自于质子从手性碳向氨基氮转移的过渡态.甲醇溶剂环境下构象1和2手性转变决速步的吉布斯自由能垒分别为109.8 kJ·mol~(-1)和111.0 kJ·mol~(-1),比气相甲醇环境下的决速步能垒134.2 kJ·mol~(-1)和130.8 kJ·mol~(-1)均有明显降低,比水环境下的决速步能垒122.5 kJ·mol~(-1)也明显降低,比裸环境下的决速步能垒266.1 kJ·mol~(-1)大幅降低,比限域在SWBNNT(5,5)内的决速步能垒为201.1 kJ·mol~(-1)也显著降低.结果表明:甲醇分子簇对α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变具有明显的催化作用,甲醇溶剂效应对质子从手性碳向氨基氮的转移反应具有较好的助催化作用.