A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase

Grain weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural variations in crops. However, the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of grain weight have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of GW2, a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight. Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers, resulting in a larger (wider) spikelet hull, and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate, resulting in enhanced grain width, weight and yield. Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate(s) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis. The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops.     

An Adaptive Multiscale Ensemble Learning Paradigm for Nonstationary and Nonlinear Energy Price Time Series Forecasting

For forecasting nonstationary and nonlinear energy prices time series, a novel adaptive multiscale ensemble learning paradigm incorporating ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and least square support vector machines (LSSVM) with kernel function prototype is developed. Firstly, the extrema symmetry expansion EEMD, which can effectively restrain the mode mixing and end effects, is used to decompose the energy price into simple modes. Secondly, by using the fine‐to‐coarse reconstruction algorithm, the high‐frequency, low‐frequency and trend components are identified. Furthermore, autoregressive integrated moving average is applicable to predicting the high‐frequency components. LSSVM is suitable for forecasting the low‐frequency and trend components. At the same time, a universal kernel function prototype is introduced for making up the drawbacks of single kernel function, which can adaptively select the optimal kernel function type and model parameters according to the specific data using the PSO algorithm. Finally, the prediction results of all the components are aggregated into the forecasting values of energy price time series. The empirical results show that, compared with the popular prediction methods, the proposed method can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of energy prices, with high accuracy both in the level and directional predictions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

月地高速再入返回飞行器信息系统设计与实现

探月三期月地高速再入返回飞行器由服务舱和返回器2个舱段组成,信息系统复杂,首先对信息系统的任务进行了分析,在此基础上提出了2层拓扑总线的互联方案、器内多子网自识别路由设计方案、链路层分层方案,脉冲调制编码(PCM)数据体制与高级在轨系统(AOS)数据体制统一设计方案,实现了多信源、多舱段信息管理与融合,提高了上行带宽利用率、器内数据路由和下行遥测灵活性和易扩展性,满足了飞行任务复杂工作模式下的需求,在轨飞行结果表明信息系统满足需求.     

网格模型上的离散测地线

测地线是微分几何中的重要概念,用于描述曲面上两点之间的最短曲线,相当于平面上两点之间的直线段,它在计算机图形学、图像处理、计算几何、计算机视觉等学科中有着广泛的应用.自20世纪80年代以来,关于离散测地线已有广泛研究,众多学者提出了许多切实可行的算法.本文将在介绍光滑曲面上的测地线和离散网格上测地线概念的基础上,对网格模型上的离散最短测地线和最直测地线的定义、性质及相关算法进行归纳总结,重点讨论网格模型上离散最短测地线的相关算法,包括完整网格和有缺陷网格上最短测地线的精确算法和逼近算法,对各类算法进行深入研究,详细论述每个算法的基本思想与实现方法,从多个角度分析每个算法的优缺点,并对他们各自的时间复杂度、空间复杂度及适用范围等进行对比,最后对离散测地线的相关研究进行展望,有利于后续对测地线算法的深入研究.     

不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化

选用不同方法制备PtRu/C催化剂,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法和计时电流法来检测乙醇及CO在不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂上的电催化氧化情况.发现无论在酸性溶液还是在中性溶液中,方法3制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇和吸附态的CO的电氧化都有良好的催化活性.     

拓扑变换群中连续同态的指标

本文对拓扑交换群X中连续同态T,引入升指标α(T)与降指标δ(T)的概念.证得:若α(T)与δ(T)均有限,则必相等,k=α(T)=δ(T),而且X可以表示成闭子群R(Tk)与N(Tk)的直和.     

广角镜头桶形畸变的多项式修正方法

为了修正广角镜头的桶形畸变,提出了一种基于多项式的修正方法,该方法首先用模板对广角镜头进行相对标定,然后用四次多项式拟合桶形畸变规律,最后根据拟合多项式对变形图像进行恢复。对于固定焦距视觉系统,在不考虑视觉系统具体参数的情况下,新的方法能够快速有效地对广角镜头桶形畸变进行修正。该方法在实验中表现出了良好的效果。     

VR外设驱动的虚拟人姿态优化仿真方法

为解决常用的VR外设为穿戴于操作者身上的位置跟踪器,会给操作者带来额外不便的问题,提出一种基于视觉传感器组合的虚拟人驱动方案,实现简便无标记虚拟人运动实时驱动。引入参数化人体模型SMPL(skinned multi-person linear),通过最小化多个误差项组成的目标函数,改进算法提高虚拟人驱动精度,并计算得到符合真人形态与姿态的拟合人体模型数据,实现操作姿态人机工程学评价。实验结果表明：所提出的虚拟人数据驱动方法具有有效性。     

基于双稳阱内随机共振的OFDM信号检测方法研究

为了解决OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)传输系统中接收端对微弱OFDM信号的检测问题,本文将双稳阱内随机共振系统与OFDM信号增强和解调过程相结合,推导了多载波信号激励下双稳阱内随机共振系统从零状态变化到势阱状态所需时间的解析表达式,分析了暂态响应导致的多载波信号在一个符号内的能量损失问题;推导了系统稳态输出方程,分析了稳态过程对子载波已调信号叠加直流偏置分量的问题;探讨了在不同系统参数和噪声强度下阱内随机共振对OFDM信号解调性能的影响。仿真结果表明：该方法可有效实现信号与噪声阱内协同作用,提高OFDM信号的检测性能。