胚胎发育合子型基因激活（ZGA）的调控机制

新受精卵超越早期分裂阶段正常的发育需要胚胎基因转录的重新起动与续后调控,ZGA（合子型基因激活）是胚胎发育过程中母型调控的合子型调控过渡中的关键事件,卵为新形成合子发育程序的起动提供了特殊的环境条件,并对其调节控制起了必要的作用,各类动物早期卵裂过程的胚胎基因转录起动精确时间是可变的,涉及染色质结构成分、调控元件（顺/反式）、RNA降解、DNA复制、修饰/加工作用、卵子发生因子、合子钟及天然信号等多种因素的调节控制,本文综述了当前胚胎发育合子基因表达的时间及相关调控机制的研究进展。     

不确定切换系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒H∞控制

研究一类由任意有限多个不确定子系统组成的切换系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒H∞控制问题.利用共同Lyapunov函数方法和凸组合技术,给出由矩阵不等式表示的控制器存在的充分条件,并设计了相应的子控制器和切换规则.采用消元法,将该矩阵不等式转化为一组线性矩阵不等式(LMIs).最后给出一个数值仿真实例证明结论的有效性.研究结果表明:通过切换,闭环系统在整个状态空间上的每个点都满足鲁棒H∞性能,而并不要求每个子系统在整个状态空间上都满足鲁棒H∞性能,甚至也不要求其渐进稳定.     

有机物分子量分布特点对BAF-O3-BAC净水工艺的评价

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)、气浮和臭氧生物活性炭(BAC)联用技术对太湖原水进行试验.有机物分子量分布测定结果表明:曝气生物滤池单元对分子量小于0.5 kD(道尔顿)的有机物去除率最高,其次是分子量介于1～3 kD的有机物;气浮单元对分子量大于100 kD的有机物去除率最高;臭氧氧化单元对分子量大于3 kD的有机物去除率较高,而对于小于3 kD的有机物不但不能去除,反而有所增加;生物活性炭单元对分子量小于10 kD的有机物均能有效去除,分子量越小,去除率越高.综合评价认为:曝气生物滤池、气浮和臭氧生物活性炭联用技术处理微污染水源水的净水工艺是合理的.     

2.5 Gbit/s PHEMT前置放大器噪声分析与验证

根据OMMIC公司通过测量得到的0.2μm GaAs PHEMT器件参数模型和噪声模型,设计了2.5 Gbit/s的共源跨阻前置放大器.并根据PHEMT晶体管Y参数下的噪声模型,结合Y参数和ABCD参数下的噪声密度矩阵,分析了电路在带有晶体管噪声源情况下整个电路的噪声电压,得出了共源跨阻前置放大器等效输入噪声电流密度的理论公式.实现了芯片制作,并且对芯片进行了噪声参数的测量,测量结果、仿真结果和理论分析结论在6GHz的频率范围内基本符合.     

介质流向对截止阀流场和流阻特性的影响

为探索介质流向对截止阀内部流场和流阻特性的影响,应用SOLIDWORKS软件建立截止阀的三维模型。使用Fluent软件中的有限元法和标准k-ε湍流模型,在不同开度的情况下,采用数值模拟分析的方法,研究不同介质流向下截止阀的流场和流阻特性,分析阀体内部的速度和压力分布规律。结果表明:在两种不同的流向下,阀门的流通能力相差较小;在小开度时,介质高进低出时能够减小阀门的压力损失,在流通高压介质的情况下,高进低出的流向能够极大的减小阀门的关闭力。流场的分析为截止阀的结构设计和优化提供参考。     

Germline-specific dgcr8 knockout in zebrafish using a BACK approach

Zebrafish is an important model to study developmental biology and human diseases. However, an effective approach to achieve spatial and temporal gene knockout in zebrafish has not been well established. In this study, we have developed a new approach, namely bacterial artificial chromosome-rescue-based knockout (BACK), to achieve conditional gene knockout in zebrafish using the Cre/loxP system. We have successfully deleted the DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (dgcr8) in zebrafish germ line and demonstrated that the maternal-zygotic dgcr8 (MZdgcr8) embryos exhibit MZdicer-like phenotypes with morphological defects which could be rescued by miR-430, indicating that canonical microRNAs play critical role in early development. Our findings establish that Cre/loxP-mediated tissue-specific gene knockout could be achieved using this BACK strategy and that canonical microRNAs play important roles in early embryonic development in zebrafish.     

IFT54 regulates IFT20 stability but is not essential for tubulin transport during ciliogenesis

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for ciliogenesis by ferrying ciliary components using IFT complexes as cargo adaptors. IFT54 is a component of the IFT-B complex and is also associated with cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs). Loss of IFT54 impairs cilia assembly as well as cytoplasmic MT dynamics. The N-terminal calponin homology (CH) domain of IFT54 interacts with tubulins/MTs and has been proposed to transport tubulin during ciliogenesis, whereas the C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain binds IFT20. However, the precise function of these domains in vivo is not well understood. We showed that in Chlamydomonas, loss of IFT54 completely blocks ciliogenesis but does not affect spindle formation and proper cell cycle progression, even though IFT54 interacts with mitotic MTs. Interestingly, IFT54 lacking the CH domain allows proper flagellar assembly. The CH domain is required for the association of IFT54 with the axoneme but not with mitotic MTs, and also regulates the flagellar import of IFT54 but not IFT81 and IFT46. The C-terminal CC domain is essential for IFT54 to bind IFT20, and for its recruitment to the basal body and incorporation into IFT complexes. Complete loss of IFT54 or the CC domain destabilizes IFT20. ift54 mutant cells expressing the CC domain alone rescue the stability of IFT20 and form stunted flagella with accumulation of both IFT-A component IFT43 and IFT-B component IFT46, indicating that IFT54 also functions in IFT turn-around at the flagellar tip.     

全长人PPAR-γ的表达、纯化与结构确证

目的建立表达、纯化结构完整的全长人PPAR-γ的方法。方法构建pReceiver-B01-PPAR-γ质粒并转化E．coliBL21（DE3）细胞,诱导表达重组蛋白,优化细胞生长条件;利用亲和色谱和尺寸排阻色谱纯化重组蛋白;胶内酶解重组蛋白,用离子阱质谱仪分析二维AgilentHPLC-Chip纯化的酶解片段;基于MS／MS搜索IPI、Swiss．Prot、NCBInr和MSDB数据库,鉴定重组蛋白。结果在优化的细胞生长条件（TB介质、37℃、0．8mMIPTG、诱导3h）,从每升TB中可获得280mg重组蛋白;两步纯化后,获得176mg、纯度为95％的均质重组PPAR-γ蛋白;经质谱分析和搜索蛋白质数据库,获得均匀地分布在整个PPAR-γ多肽链中的33个阳性肽段,覆盖率为60％,表明重组蛋白为结构完整的全长人PPAR-γ。配体结合活性位点S289、H323、H449和Y473无突变,保证全长人PPAR-γ与配体结合的生物学活性。结论本文所建立的方法能成功用于大量表达结构完整的全长人PPAR-γ,有利于进一步的结构、功能研究和活性配体的筛选。     

基于DSP和AVR的嵌入式矿用谐波检测装置的设计

谐波检测是谐波问题的一个重要分支,对能够准确、实时地对电力系统谐波进行检测有着重要的意义.本文介绍了一种基于快速傅里叶的谐波检测方法,并应用其原理设计了一种基于DSP和AVR的新型谐波检测装置,该装置可完成国标规定的电能质量指标的测量,并有数据显示、存储和通信等功能.工程实际测量结果验证了该方案的可行性和可靠性. 关