定律、因果性与行动的意向性说明

行动的意向性说明是否需要定律,是否是一种因果说明,这是两个相互联系的问题.PopperHempel论题认为,意向性说明需要依赖普遍定律,但这种观点面临着真实性与一般性的两难困境.在W.C.Salmon的因果性本体论解释的意义上,即便意向性说明不必然依赖定律,也仍然可以是因果说明.基于此,我们能够反驳关于"理由不是行动原因"的三个典型论证:"原因的合适类型"论证、"逻辑关系"论证和"遵守规则"论证.这种反驳揭示出,理由与行动之间的因果关系能够为意向性说明的正当性提供辩护.     

谈火灾事故认定的法律属性及实践建议

司法实践中对火灾事故认定的行政可诉性存在较大争议,笔者通过分析行政诉讼法意义上具体行政行为内涵.结合新修订的<消防法>和公安部<火灾事故调查规定>的相关规定,明确火灾事故认定是鉴定结论和处理纠纷的证据,不具备可诉性,并根据证据规则对火灾事故认定工作提出确实可行的建议.     

关于改性碳酸钙性能测试方法的探讨

详细介绍了力学性能测试、松散堆积密度法、萃取法测接枝率等改性碳酸钙性能测试法。讨论发现,3种方法的测试结果完全吻合,由此可证明松散堆积密度法、萃取法测接枝率也是行之有效的测试新方法。     

PORLES: A parallel object-relational database system

We developed a parallel object-relational DBMS named PORLES. It uses BSP model as its parallel computing model, and monoid calculus as its basis of data model. In this paper, we introduce its data model, parallel query optimization, transaction processing system and parallel access method in detail.     

发动机不同成分冷却液对冷却性能的影响

文章对无水冷却液与传统冷却液进行了性能比较,应用FIRE软件对发动机冷却水套进行三维数值模拟；通过对冷却液流场速度、换热系数分布、温度变化等信息对比分析,得到不同成分冷却液对冷却效果的影响.结果表明,与传统冷却液相比,乙二醇和丙二醇混合冷却液既可保证发动机有良好的冷却效果,又可以减小热损失,提高整机能量利用率.     

新医改下对药品价格的一点思考

目的:对药品价格调整中出现的问题进行探讨并提出建议。方法:分析廉价实用药品退市、部分药品"改头换面"高价上市等情况出现的原因。结论:进一步完善药品定价机制;加强医疗机构的公益补偿将有利于在新医改下药品价格回归的稳定、合理。     

Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

Influences of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology and structure of nanoporous Co nanoparticles during chemical dealloying

The Co-61.8 wt% Al nanoparticles of 45 nm were prepared by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. The nanoparticles display core shell structure with Al13Co4 and CoAl core and aluminum oxide shell (about 2 nm). Under ultrasonic irradiation, nanoporous fcc-Co nanoparticles were produced successfully by chemically dealloying the Co-Al nanoparticles at room temperature, whereas, without ultrasonic irradiation CoAl phase could hardly react with sodium hydroxide solution. At 323 K the Co-Al nanoparticles could be dealloyed to fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases even without ultrasonic irradiation. The surface area of the dealloyed nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation was larger than that of the dealloyed sample without ultrasonic irradiation at the same temperature. It is believed that the microjet and shock-wave induced by ultrasonic irradiation give rise to particles size reduction, interparticle collision and surface cleaning, and accelerate the dealloying process and the phase transformation.