EM-CDKF算法及其SINS初始对准应用

针对非线性捷联惯导系统噪声先验统计信息未知问题,基于中心差分卡尔曼滤波基本算法,采用极大似然准则构造极大期望最速下降梯度算法展开系统未知噪声统计特性在线估计计算研究,构建一类捷联惯导系统初始对准极大期望自适应中心差分最优滤波算法.该算法利用极大似然准则构造系统噪声统计特性对数似然函数,采用极大期望最速下降梯度法把系统噪声统计特性估计转化为对数似然函数期望最大值计算,获得系统过程噪声和观测噪声在线递推估计的自适应极大期望中心差分卡尔曼算法.经过大方位失准角捷联惯导系统初始对准仿真实验,与中心差分卡尔曼滤波基本算法相比,自适应极大期望中心差分卡尔曼算法能够有效解决基本算法在系统噪声先验知识未知情形下的滤波精度下降甚至发散问题,并且能够实现系统噪声统计特性的在线递推估计.     

体积压裂套管剪切变形载荷分析及强度设计

页岩气开发过程中井筒穿越天然裂缝/断层,体积压裂时天然裂缝/断层容易被激活,导致套管剪切变形,套管内径缩小,井下工具无法下入。目前对套管剪切变形条件下的受力分析较少,现有研究主要采用套管Mises应力屈服准则判断套管失效,该准则对于套管大剪切变形问题已不适用。为探究天然裂缝/断层滑移导致的套管剪切变形问题,建立套管-水泥环-地层组合体有限元模型,对位移载荷作用下的套管力学行为进行研究。分析了各因素对套管受力及缩径量的影响,并提出套管缩径量与应力相结合的套管外载设计方法。研究结果表明:套管剪应力及Mises应力随地层滑移量增大而增大,在10 mm滑移量作用下,套管Mises应力已超过屈服强度,建议采用剪切载荷进行强度校核;套管缩径量主要集中在距离滑移面1 m范围内,套管局部区域出现膨胀现象;考虑套管变形量的载荷设计可以有效防止体积压裂过程中套管变形导致压裂工具无法下入的问题。     

多机电力系统电压静态稳定性的特征结构分析法

给出了电压稳定性的分类与定义，提出了一种新的多机系统电压静态稳定性的特征结构分析法。该方法不仅可以给出系统静态电压稳定裕度，而且能够直接计算稳定裕度对状态变量和控制变量的灵敏度，同时能够准确地辨别潮流多值解的属性，具有计算简单快速，提供信息全面、直观的优点。     

由电流环实现的多机通信系统

为解决恶劣环境下的远距离通信问题,本文设计了由电流环实现的多机通信系统,实践表明,该系统运行可靠,传输距离远,抗干扰能力强。     

低压省煤器的应用与经济性分析

低压省煤器的应用与经济性分析周曦，陈行庚，曹祖庆周全（东南大学动力工程系，南京２１００１８）（下关发电厂，南京２１００１１）火电厂中主要有两项排热损失：一是汽轮机排汽的冷凝放热损失，对凝汽式机组而言，这项损失是无法避免的；另一项是锅炉的排烟损失，排烟...     

Conditional automaticity in retrieving multiplication facts: Evidence from Chinese

Adults automatically retrieve multiplication facts in a number matching task, in which participants judge whether the target number is one of the two cue digits presented previously. They are slower in rejecting the number which is the sum or the product of cues than a neutral number. The present study explored, with Chinese adult participants, whether such automaticity in retrieving multiplication facts can be affected by experiential and experimental factors such as learning experience and task set. We classified cue digits into two categories: small number first (the ascending order) and large number first (the descending order), according to whether the smaller or larger digit was presented on the left of the other. Experiment 1 found that product numbers were more difficult to reject than non-product numbers. Moreover, the order of cues played a role in modulating the magnitude of the interference effect, with ascending order conditions having larger interference than descending order conditions. Experiment 2 added a task-irrelevant addition or subtraction sign between the two cues and replicated the pattern of effects in Experiment 1, although the interference effects were significantly reduced. Experiment 3 instructed participants to judge whether the target number was the sum of the two cue digits. No interference effect was found for the target that was the product of cues. These findings suggest that the retrieval of multiplication facts, albeit automatic, can be influenced by learning experience (cue order effects in Experiments 1 & 2), the compatibility of the cuing context with the stored template information (reduced interference effects across Experiments 1 & 2), and task set (elimination of interference effects in Experiment 3). Retrieving multiplication facts is therefore conditionally automatic.     

Study on control strategy of CAN bus network based on event triggered mode

In order to reduce the load rate of CAN bus and improve the real-time performance of control system, CAN bus control system of a pure electric vehicle is studied. Communication messages of each node are optimized and redefined by sorting the message into three types: control message, status message and alarm message. Event triggered mode is added to the communication way of CAN bus, and the communication control strategy of the vehicle is made. It is proved that CAN bus load rate of control system is reduced after optimization, and the real-time performance of communication is improved effectively.     

铬系白口铸铁的磨损与断裂特性

将铬系白口铸铁的共晶碳化物量保持在20%到25%,改变铬碳比,考察这些材料的磨料磨损性和断裂韧性.发现碳化物是抵抗磨损的重要参量,在碳化物对基体能够提供保护时,基体状态才起显著作用,从而影响材料整体的抗磨性;铬碳比的提高,有利于增加抗磨材料的服役寿命.     

沥青混合料蠕变试验数据处理与粘弹性计算

为了获得沥青混合料粘弹性本构关系,并利用这种本构关系进行各种数值计算,结合贯入试验中采集到的蠕变数据,采用Matlab软件对蠕变柔量进行拟合,得到了由广义Maxwell模型和Burgers模型表示的粘弹性参数;针对ANSYS有限元软件的计算要求,推导了将其转化为Prony级数形式的计算公式.通过实例计算表明:四参数Burgers模型和六参数Maxwell模型的拟合相对误差分别小于0.7%和1.3%,利用Prony级数方法得到的计算结果与理论解误差不大于0.001%.Burgers模型比广义Maxwell模型更能准确表达沥青混合料的本构关系;Prony级数的转化公式方法简单,计算精确.     

城市轨道交通噪声分析与降噪措施的研究

针对目前日趋严重的城市轨道交通产生的噪声污染问题,结合某一高架轻轨结构实例,首先对该高架轻轨线路的噪声进行了预测分析,然后根据该例实际情况设计出适合的声屏障降噪,并进行降噪分析.结果表明当列车以100 km/h的速度驶过,对于距离20 m处的一建筑物各层的瞬时噪声级都达到近90 dB(A),并且与高架桥高度水平的层高处噪声级最高.当采用隔声式声屏障进行降噪后的噪声分析得到,底层的降噪效果最明显,随着建筑物高度的增加,降噪效果有所降低.