From the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane: mechanisms of CFTR folding and trafficking

CFTR biogenesis starts with its co-translational insertion into the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and folding of the cytosolic domains, towards the acquisition of a fully folded compact native structure. Efficiency of this process is assessed by the ER quality control system that allows the exit of folded proteins but targets unfolded/misfolded CFTR to degradation. If allowed to leave the ER, CFTR is modified at the Golgi and reaches the post-Golgi compartments to be delivered to the plasma membrane where it functions as a cAMP- and phosphorylation-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel. CFTR residence at the membrane is a balance of membrane delivery, endocytosis, and recycling. Several adaptors, motor, and scaffold proteins contribute to the regulation of CFTR stability and are involved in continuously assessing its structure through peripheral quality control systems. Regulation of CFTR biogenesis and traffic (and its dysregulation by mutations, such as the most common F508del) determine its overall activity and thus contribute to the fine modulation of chloride secretion and hydration of epithelial surfaces. This review covers old and recent knowledge on CFTR folding and trafficking from its synthesis to the regulation of its stability at the plasma membrane and highlights how several of these steps can be modulated to promote the rescue of mutant CFTR.     

Endothelial cell apoptosis in angiogenesis and vessel regression

Blood vessel regression is an essential process for ensuring blood vessel networks function at optimal efficiency and for matching blood supply to the metabolic needs of tissues as they change over time. Angiogenesis is the major mechanism by which new blood vessels are produced, but the vessel growth associated with angiogenesis must be complemented by remodeling and maturation events including the removal of redundant vessel segments and cells to fashion the newly forming vasculature into an efficient, hierarchical network. This review will summarize recent findings on the role that endothelial cell apoptosis plays in vascular remodeling during angiogenesis and in vessel regression more generally.     

DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions

Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies: index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.     

弹性模量对砖石古塔抗震性能的影响

根据某砖石古塔几何尺寸和结构构造,运用大型有限元软件ANSYS对其在不同弹性模量下进行了动力特性分析和等效地震侧力下抗震性能的研究。结果表明:弹性模量对砖石古塔结构的抗震性能影响较大。     

中小企业自主创新障碍及对策

创新是一个国家和一个地区经济发展的不竭动力，文章从中小企业在自主创新过程中的障碍入手，为中小企业如何提高自主创新能力提供建议。     

温情 诗意 成长——《草房子》的死亡叙事探析

《草房子》是曹文轩成长小说的代表作，小说的叙述多次涉及死亡。其死亡叙事充分体现了三方面的特征：即充满了浓浓的温情；诗意的叙述；死亡是儿童精神成长的特殊契机。     

Morphological control of zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate crystals: Theoretical and experimental study

The theoretical crystal-morphology of zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate (ZnCP) was studied using the morphology simulation software. The growth trends and surface characteristics were calculated using the Bravais-Friedel-Donnay- Harker (BFDH), Growth Morphology, and Equilibrium Morphology methods; these provide theoretical guidance for the choice of crystal-control reagents. On the basis of the simulations, experiments were carried out to study the effects of five different crystal-control reagents, including carboxymethylcellulose (A), polyacrylamide (B), dextrin (C), Tween 40 (D), and Tween 60 (E), in the control of the crystal-morphology of ZnCP. Mixtures of two reagents and higher temperatures were used to further optimize the ZnCP crystals. The results show that ZnCP crystals are well dispersed, and have a large apparent density and regular crystal-morphology under the control of a mixture of reagents A and E in a mass ratio of 1:4 at 80°C.     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市建设区提取

以北京市部分区域的QuickBird影像为实验数据,运用面向对象的影像分析手段,研究城市建设区的自动识别和提取方法。在分析城市建设区特征的基础上,采用在低分辨率影像上粗提取,在高分辨率影像上精提取相结合的技术,提高提取精度。经过与目视判读结果的对比,城市建设区的识别率达到89.7%,误判率为27.6%。     

英语电影欣赏与教学设计——以美国电影《辛德勒的名单》为例

英语电影欣赏的教学设计应以电影的文化层面为主要内容，结合影片创作中的一些艺术性手段，通过影片内容中的历史文化背景使学习者在欣赏的基础上，展开思维发散，培养学生的文化底蕴及变异思维能力。美国电影《辛德勒的名单》的教学设计，应抓好教学准备、影片赏析、教学回顾等环节，切实提高学生的探究和欣赏能力。     

庄子“无用之用”对产品设计的启示研究

文章从庄子“无用之用”的寓言故事出发，介绍了庄子对“无用之用”的理解，并将这一观点与产品设计活动联系起来。文章并通过具体产品来分析“有用无用”对产品设计活动的启示，即怎样通过变通创新来使产品更加具有创意。