Analysis of the formation conditions and characteristics of interphase and random vanadium precipitation in a low-carbon steel during isothermal heat treatment

The characteristics of nanosized precipitates in steels depend on the heat-treatment parameters. The effects of characteristics of vanadium precipitates formed during isothermal heat treatment on the hardness of the ferrite matrix in low-carbon vanadium-alloyed steel were investigated through analysis of transmission electron microscopy images and microhardness measurements. The results show that, during isothermal holding in the temperature range from 675 to 750℃, only interphase precipitation occurs, whereas only random precipitation occurs in the ferrite matrix during holding at 600℃. Furthermore, during isothermal heat treatment between 600 and 675℃, both random and interphase precipitates occurred in the ferrite. Nanoscale vanadium carbides with different atomic ratios of vanadium (V) and carbon (C) were the dominant precipitates in the random and interphase precipitates. The sizes of random precipitation carbides were smaller than those of interphase ones. Also, the sample isothermally heat treated at 650℃ for 900 s exhibited a higher hardness with a narrower hardness distribution.     

Isothermal reduction kinetics and mineral phase of chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium sinter reduced with CO gas at 873-1273 K

Reduction of chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium sinter (CVTS) was studied under simulated conditions of a blast furnace, and thermodynamics and kinetics were theoretically analyzed. Reduction kinetics of CVTS at different temperatures was evaluated using a shrinking unreacted core model. The microstructure, mineral phase, and variation of the sinter during reduction were observed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and metallographic microscopy. Results indicate that porosity of CVTS increased with temperature. Meanwhile, the reduction degree of the sinter improved with the reduction rate. Reduction of the sinter was controlled by a chemical reaction at the initial stage and inner diffusion at the final stage. Activation energies measured 29.22-99.69 kJ/mol. Phase transformations in CVTS reduction are as follows:Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄→FeO→Fe; Fe₂TiO₅→Fe₂TiO₄→FeTiO₃; FeO·V₂O₃→V₂O₃; FeO·Cr₂O₃→Cr₂O₃.     

石林景区湖泊湖滨带土地利用景观格局研究

以2006年Quickbird遥感影像为基础数据,利用GIS技术对石林景区岩溶湖泊湖滨带土地利用类型进行遥感解译与制图,在此基础上运用景观类型指标（如斑块数量、斑块面积）和景观格局指标（如号观均匀度、号观优势度、号观破碎度、景观分维数）对研究区土地利用空间格局进行定量分析．结果表明：长湖林地面积占82．86％,受人为保护最好,具有良好的自然性;比目潭和绿芳塘受人为干扰较大,土地利用类型较多,土地格局凌乱.     

降雨条件下边坡各向异性渗流及稳定性的模拟分析

基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论,针对不同的渗透系数异向性比值,以及不同的渗透系数张量主轴方向与水平方向夹角,对降雨条件下边坡地下水渗流场动态变化进行了数值模拟,分析了降雨过程中边坡孔隙水压力分布规律,得到了边坡安全系数随降雨持续时间的变化规律.数值模拟结果表明,土体各向异性渗流对降雨条件下边坡渗流场及安全系数有着显著的影响.     

新疆禾本科短命植物旱麦草的营养器官解剖学研究

本文报导了禾本科短命植物的旱麦草[Eremopyrum triticrurm(cmerth)Nevshi]具有特殊的解剖结构,茎在抽穗时,仍具有实心的薄壁组织,此特点在禾本科中生植物中罕见.在根、茎、叶中皆有大型薄壁细胞.茎、叶的表皮细胞及根中柱鞘内的薄壁细胞,它们的细胞壁均增厚,起着机械支持作用.叶的栅栏组织发达,由 2～3层栅栏细胞组成,等面叶,属于C_4植物型,根、茎仅有初生结构,其内部结构简单.     

Dependence of mutual information of big protein sequence

The mutual information function is used to describe the auto-correlation of amino acids in protein. We find two interesting phenomenon: (1) for any given big protein, the mutual information function l(k) is almost a const, where k is the length of gap. (2) for any two sequence similar proteins, the mutual information are nearly the same. As a consequent, we may use mutual information of protein as a character for sequences comparison. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170214) Biography: Shi Feng ( 1966-), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, research direction: bioinformatics.     

隧道施工爆破对地表滑坡稳定性的影响

基于爆炸地震波衰减过程将作用在滑体上的动荷载修正为随时间变化的波动应力,并将其引入传递系数法中,提出了考虑施工爆破荷载影响的滑坡传递系数法.利用该方法分析了宝鸡-天水高速渭河2号大桥17号桥台码头隧道洞口滑坡稳定性在隧道爆破施工中的变化特性.结果表明:隧道爆破施工产生的振动荷载使地表滑坡的稳定系数围绕天然条件下的稳定系数呈现衰减型波动变化;隧道爆破施工荷载作用下地表滑坡稳定系数衰减到天然工况量值所需时间及稳定系数变化值与所使用的爆破药量有关,药量越大,衰减时间越长,滑坡稳定系数变化值越大;码头滑坡在隧道施工爆破药量超过1000 kg后,滑坡稳定系数最小值降低到1.15以下,滑坡体在隧道爆破施工期间易于失稳,据此提出了隧道单炮施工药量取750kg的优化方案,实践证明该药量对该滑坡的稳定性未造成劣化影响.研究成果为有效评估隧道施工爆破对地表地质环境尤其是滑坡安全性具有积极意义.     

土壤微生物群落及其活性与植被的关系

植被通过影响土壤环境,从而影响到土壤微生物群落的结构和多样性．受植被影响的土壤环境中土壤微生物群落的多样性比不受植被影响或者没有植被的土壤环境中的微生物群落的多样性要高很多,不受植被影响的表面以下土壤环境中的微生物群落具有显著的优势ＯＴＵ种群,而表层土壤环境中没有显著的优势ＯＴＵ种群．植被对微生物的影响同时也表现在对生命物质ＤＮＡ的影响,即有植被的土壤环境中的微生物ＤＮＡ具有更高的活性,其基因在克隆过程中更容易被转移,获得更多的克隆细胞和种群．     

对提高延长油矿水力压裂效果的几点看法

本文在调查研究的基础上认为:根据延长油矿水力压裂目前状况,经过增大压裂规模,改进压裂方式,完善压前准备工作,加强压裂设计及评价和改进压后投产程序等几方面的改进,延长油矿可望进一步提高单井产量,提高效益,在国民经济中更大程度地发挥作用。     

Measurement of laminar burning velocities of iso-butanol-air mixtures

The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures, initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion bomb. Based on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate, the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are obtained. In accordance, with photos of flame, an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried out. The results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial temperature. The maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of 1.2. The Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence ratio. For specified equivalence ratio, the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial pressure. Thus, the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure.