Thermodynamic analysis on the formation mechanism of MgO·Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> spinel type inclusions in casing steel

MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel type inclusions in casing steel were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that there are three forms. One is pure MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel, another is the composite oxide of the Mg-Al-Ca-Si-O system, and the third is the complex with oxide as a core covered by sulfide. The formation mechanisms were studied. The influences of slag basicity and vacuum degree on the magnesium content during the vacuum treatment of molten steel and furnace lining in molten steel were calculated with the coexistence theory of slag structure. The results show that the magnesium content increases with the increase in slag basicity and aluminum content in molten steel, and decreases with the increase in CO partial pressure.     

Machining studies of die cast aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) with high specific stiffness, high strength, improved wear resistance, and thermal properties are being increasingly used in advanced structural, aerospace, automotive, electronics, and wear applications. Aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites were developed using a new combination of the vortex method and the pressure die-casting technique in the present work. Machining studies were conducted on the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide (SiC) composite work pieces using high speed steel (HSS) end-mill tools in a milling machine at different speeds and feeds. The quantitative studies on the machined work piece show that the surface finish is better for higher speeds and lower feeds. The surface roughness of the plain aluminum alloy is better than that of the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites. The studies on tool wear show that flank wear increases with speed and feed. The end-mill tool wear is higher on machining the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites than on machining the plain aluminum alloy.     

面向虚拟装配操作的交与辅助技术

针对虚拟装配系统中装配操作精度和效率低的问题,本文提出了基于约束元素包围盒的装配意图捕捉方法,根据约束元素的特征参数和配合类型,将位姿变换分解为点到线上、点到面上和直线平行三种位姿变换情况,提出基于位姿变换元素分解的约束精确定位求解算法,并通过对零件自由度的求解和目标约束方向上的运动分量映射,实现了零件的装配运动引导。最后通过一个典型装配结构的实例给出了装配操作的交互辅助流程,验证了算法的有效性。该算法已应用到面向航天产品的桌面虚拟装配系统中。     

面向虚拟装配操作的交互辅助技术研究

针对虚拟装配系统中装配操作精度和效率低的问题,本文提出了基于约束元素包围盒的装配意图捕捉方法,根据约束元素的特征参数和配合类型,将位姿变换分解为点到线上、点到面上和直线平行三种位姿变换情况,提出基于位姿变换元素分解的约束精确定位求解算法,并通过对零件自由度的求解和目标约束方向上的运动分量映射,实现了零件的装配运动引导。最后通过一个典型装配结构的实例给出了装配操作的交互辅助流程,验证了算法的有效性。该算法已应用到面向航天产品的桌面虚拟装配系统中。     

洪水工况下尾矿库浸润线变化规律及稳定性分析

秧田箐尾矿库为铜厂铜矿规划新建的尾矿库。在规划设计期间,利用室内堆坝模型试验,演绎尾矿库堆坝过程的同时,研究了该尾矿库堆积到设计总坝高约2/3的高度(120m)时,在洪水工况和正常工况下坝体浸润线的变化规律。并以试验数据为基础,采用Slide5.0软件对尾矿坝在这一高度下的稳定性进行了计算,获得了尾矿坝在不同工况下的稳定性结果,为后期继续进行试验和未来矿山安全生产服务。结果显示,坝体在正常状态下稳定系数满足规范要求,但洪水状态下稳定系数小于国家规范值,需要对原始初步设计进行调整或采取其他措施,确保尾矿库安全。     

A comparative study of magnetic properties between whole cells and isolated magnetosomes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnetospirillum magneticum</Emphasis> AMB-1

The magnetic properties of magnetosome magnetite are of interdisciplinary interest because magnetosomes are potential carriers of natural remanent magnetization and paleoenvironment, as well as novel nano-biomaterials in biotechnological and biomedical applications. We carried out magnetic and electron transmission microscopy analyses of fresh Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 whole cells and isolated magnetosomes. Results revealed that AMB-1 synthesized single-domain magnetite magneto-somes, which are arra...     

A preliminary study of chronology for a newly-discovered ancient city and five archaeological sites in Lop Nor,China

In the past century, it has long been debated in the archeological, historical, geographical, and many other related communities where the capital of the Luolan and Shanshan states was in the Lop Nor region. This paper presents three AMS radiocarbon ages from a newly-discovered ancient city at about 6.3 km to the northwest of the Xiaohe Graveyard, and fifteen new radiocarbon ages from the Loulan (LA), LE, Qieerqiduke, Milan, and Tuyin sites in Lop Nor. The new investigation shows that the age of newly-disco...     

Synthesis and supercapacitor characteristics of PANI/CNTs composites

The polyaniline coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/CNTs) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The microstructure and component of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption BET. The electrochemical performances of the samples were tested by cyclic voltammogram (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The results showed...     

Crust-mantle coupling in North China: Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy

Data from the CASN (Capital Area Seismograph Network), NSNC (National Seismograph Network of China), and IRIS (Incor-porated Research Institutions for Seismology) are compared with data from a temporary North China Seismic Array to obtain the background orientation of the horizontal crustal principal compressive stress at NE 95.1°±15.4° in North China. Data are corrected for disturbances of faults and irregular tectonics, and are used to constrain the fast SKS polarization at NE 110.2°±15.8° in North China. Individual station analyses suggests that there is consistently more than 10° difference between the polarizations of fast shear-wave in the crust and those of fast SKS phases. Azimuthally anisotropic phase velocities of Rayleigh waves at different periods also indicate an orientation change for fast velocity with depth. It suggests the crust-mantle coupling in North China follows neither the simple decoupling model nor the strong coupling model. Instead, it is possibly some inhomogeneous combination of two models or some gradual-change model of physical characteristics. This study shows that anisotropy in the crust and mantle could be multiply characterized more correctly and crust-mantle coupling could be analyzed further, if increasing near-field shear-wave splitting data that indicate crustal anisotropy, combined with the azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves, besides the result of SKS splitting travelling through lithosphere and surface GPS measurements.     

First observation of mesospheric and thermospheric winds by a Fabry-Perot interferometer in China

A Fabry-Perot interferometer, funded by the Meridian Project in China, was deployed at the Xinglong station (40.2°N,117.4°E) of the National Astronomical Observatories in Hebei Province, China. The instrument has been operating since April 2010, measuring mesospheric and thermospheric winds. The first observational data of winds at three heights in the mesosphere and thermosphere were analyzed, demonstrating the capacity of this instrument to aid basic scientific research. The wavelengths of three airglow emissions were OH892.0, OI 557.7, and OI 630.0 nm, which corresponded to heights of 87, 98, and 250 km, respectively. Three 38-day data sets of horizontal winds, from April 5, 2010 to May 12, 2010, show clear day-to-day variations at the same height. The minimum and maximum meridional winds at heights of 87, 98, and 250 km were –16.5 to 8.7 m/s, –24.4 to 15.9 m/s, and –43.6 to 1.5 m/s. Measurements of zonal winds were –5.4 to 7.6 m/s, 2.3 to 23.0 m/s, and –22.6 to 49.3 m/s. The average data from the observations was consistent with the data from HWM93. The wind data at heights of 87 and 98 km suggest a semi-diurnal oscillation, clearly consistent with HWM93 results. Conversely there was a clear discrepancy between the observations and the model at 250 km. In general, this Fabry-Perot interferometer is a useful ground-based instrument for measuring mesospheric and thermospheric winds at middle latitudes.