完美的对称伟大的突破--纪念爱因斯坦逝世五十周年

一代科学巨匠爱因斯坦,又是一位杰出的思想家,他的思想方法是耐人寻味的.他所创立的相对论,以其前提的简单、结构的新颖、体系的严谨、结论的正确,堪称现代物理理论之魁首.众所周知,相对论突破了经典力学的机械论囿限,否定了传统的绝对时空观念,披露了物质、运动、引力、时空的内在联系.相对论的建立,无疑是一个伟大的突破、一项卓越的创新.那么,爱因斯坦是如何突破和创新的呢?从方法论的角度,我们可从中吸取些怎么样的教益呢?     

函数极限与积分可交换的一个充分条件

研究了函数极限与积分可交换的问题，利用了平均一致收敛的定义，给出了一个比一致（R）可积性弱的充分条件。     

Hypoosmotic shock induces a stateⅠtransition of photosynthetic apparatus in Dunaliella salina

The effects of hypoosmotic shock on state transition in darkness in Dunaliella salina were studied. When the concentration of NaCI in culture medium was dropped from 1.5 to 0.5 mol/L abruptly, the photosynthetic rate of D.salina declined, but the respiratory rate and intracellular ATP content increased in the dark. The FpsⅡ/FpsⅠ ratio at 77 K of D. salina cells exposed to hypoosmotic shock was higher than that of control cells, indicating that more excitation energy was distributed to PS Ⅱ in stressed D.salina cells upon illumination. A decrease in LHC Ⅱ phosphorylation level was also observed when D.salina was exposed to hypoosmotic shock. Thus a state Ⅰ transition of photosynthetic apparatus occurs when D.salina suffers hypoosmotic shock in darkness, which is supposed to be related to an enhancement of respiration and an increase in ATP content in stressed D.salina cells.     

自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波动力电池的SOC估计

无迹卡尔曼滤波法(Unscented-Kalman Filter,UKF)在估计动力电池的剩余容量(State of Charge,SOC)时,由于系统噪声的不确定,可能导致算法不收敛,而且算法的估计性能受模型精度的影响,为此采用自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波法(Adaptive-UKF,AUKF)动态估计电动汽车动力电池的SOC.建立了适用于SOC估计的电池模型,辨识相应的电池模型的参数并进行验证,将AUKF应用到该模型,在未知干扰噪声环境下,在线估计电池的SOC.试验仿真结果表明:UKF算法的估计误差在-0.04~0.06之间跳动,而AUKF算法的估计误差平稳的保持在0.05以内,实时修正微小的模型误差带来的SOC估计误差.     

等效约束下风激励汽车前侧窗玻璃声辐射分析

为研究风激励下汽车侧窗玻璃表面湍流压力脉动激起玻璃振动而向车内辐射噪声的问题,以某试验车左前侧窗玻璃系统为研究对象,首先基于等效原理,将车窗密封条等效成系列弹簧约束,进行离散化建模,并搭建Matlab-Abaqus联合仿真优化平台,得到最佳等效弹簧刚度,建立侧窗系统约束边界等效模型.接着利用Corcos模型计算得到侧窗表面湍流压力脉动的功率谱密度,作为侧窗等效模型的激励,应用有限元方法计算车内驾驶员人耳处的声辐射.最后应用激光测振仪,获得侧窗表面振动速度分布试验数据,利用边界元方法(半仿真)计算车内声辐射.比较两种方法的计算结果,发现200Hz以上声辐射频谱特性吻合良好,证明了利用玻璃边界等效简化模型与Corcos模型作为激励源计算侧窗玻璃振动引起的声辐射有一定程度的适用性.     

A柱涡动力学特性随前窗倾角变化研究

采用风洞试验和数值计算的方法,通过Dihedron模型研究了前窗倾角对A柱涡动力学演化的影响.时均阻力和表面压力通过风洞试验获得,采用分离涡模拟(DES)捕捉A柱涡拓扑结构的细节特征.通过风洞试验的结果验证了DES结果的有效性.DES的结果描述了A柱涡涡破裂现象.随着前窗倾角的变化,A柱涡表现为不同的结构形态,这主要是由主涡中涡量平衡决定的.试验和数值结果均表明,随前窗倾角增大,Dihedron模型的阻力增加.讨论了纵向涡的破裂趋势和潜在的减阻方案.最后,强调了模型壁面的动力学特性及其对车内噪声的影响.     

轮拱罩充满率对整车气动特性的影响

针对某种小型轿车,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究了不同轮拱罩充满率时旋转车轮对整车气动特性的影响,并与现有理想模型的试验结果对比.结果表明:在其他参数不变的情况下,随着轮拱罩充满率的下降,整车阻力系数上升,升力系数下降,当充满率下降27%时,阻力系数上升接近20%,升力系数下降接近30%.阻力上升主要是由于轮拱罩中的气流量增加,并且受轮拱罩结构的影响,内部流动分离加剧,导致尾流区的涡量均上升,车辆背压下降;升力下降主要是因为下车身气流速度加快,导致下车身压力减小.     

Generation of Linear and Parabolic Concentration Gradients by Using a Christmas Tree-Shaped Microfluidic Network

This paper describes a simple method of generating concentration gradients with linear and parabolic profiles by using a Christmas tree-shaped microfluidic network.The microfluidic gradient generator consists of two parts:a Christmas tree-shaped network for gradient generation and a broad microchannel for detection.A two-dimensional model was built to analyze the flow field and the mass transfer in the microfluidic network.The simulating results show that a series of linear and parabolic gradient profiles were generated via adjusting relative flow rate ratios of the two source solutions(R_L~2≥0.995 and _PR~2≥0.999),which could match well with the experimental results(R_L~2≥0.987 and _PR~2≥0.996).The proposed method is promising for the generation of linear and parabolic concentration gradient profiles,with the potential in chemical and biological applications such as combinatorial chemistry synthesis,stem cell differentiation or cytotoxicity assays.     

构建《矿物岩石学》的“核特色”课程教学新体系

当前,我国地质学专业的人才培养与核工业发展紧密相连,该文针对南华大学资源勘查工程专业《矿物岩石学》课程教学改革进行了探索.提出立足本校核特色,加强实践环节,创建核特色《矿物岩石学》野外教学实习基地,完善考试制度等措施,从而达到构建《矿物岩石学》的“核特色”课程教学新体系设想.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.